Agent-based crowd simulation: an in-depth survey of determining factors for heterogeneous behavior

In recent years, the field of crowd simulation has experienced significant advancements, attributed in part to the improvement of hardware performance, coupled with a notable emphasis on agent-based characteristics. Agent-based simulations stand out as the preferred methodology when researchers seek to model agents with unique behavioral traits and purpose-driven actions, a crucial aspect for simulating diverse and realistic crowd movements. This survey adopts a systematic approach, meticulously delving into the array of factors vital for simulating a heterogeneous microscopic crowd. The emphasis is placed on scrutinizing low-level behavioral details and individual features of virtual agents to capture a nuanced understanding of their interactions. The survey is based on studies published in reputable peer-reviewed journals and conferences. The primary aim of this survey is to present the diverse advancements in the realm of agent-based crowd simulations, with a specific emphasis on the various aspects of agent behavior that researchers take into account when developing crowd simulation models. Additionally, the survey suggests future research directions with the objective of developing new applications that focus on achieving more realistic and efficient crowd simulations.