From Waste to Wealth: Current Advances in Recycling Technologies for Metal Recovery from Vanadium-Titanium Magnetite Tailings

The burgeoning accumulation of vanadium-titanium magnetite tailings (VTMT) presents a dual challenge of environmental hazard and loss of valuable metal resources. This review arrives at a crucial juncture in global efforts towards a circular economy, focusing on innovative and effective metal recovery technologies. We explore the forefront of recycling methodologies, including suspension magnetization roasting, chlorination roasting, hydrometallurgical methods, and emerging approaches like MnO₂ roasting, magnesia and calcium roasting, and microwave oxidation roasting. Our analysis juxtaposes these advanced methods against traditional techniques, emphasizing their superior environmental and resource recovery benefits. Despite promising advancements, these technologies are still in nascent stages, each presenting unique merits and limitations that necessitate further research. This paper delves into the future trajectory of VTMT recycling, emphasizing the integration of technological innovation with environmental and resource stewardship. By tackling the specific challenges of VTMT, we underscore the urgency for holistic, efficient, and eco-friendly solutions. The future of VTMT metal recovery hinges on the progressive refinement and amalgamation of these technologies, underscored by a commitment to balancing ecological concerns with societal demands.

Graphical Abstract