Yijun Shang, Linjie Li, Tingting Sun, Xiangrui Kong, Sen Wang* and Mattias Hallquist*,
{"title":"中国西北地区西安 PM2.5 成分的特征和季节变化:含氧和含氮有机气溶胶","authors":"Yijun Shang, Linjie Li, Tingting Sun, Xiangrui Kong, Sen Wang* and Mattias Hallquist*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00042","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p >Oxygenated (CHO) and nitrogenous (CHON) organic aerosols (OA) are important components of fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) in urban environments. To achieve a molecular-level understanding of the seasonal variation of the OA fraction, ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> samples collected from April 2018 to March 2019 in Xi’an, Northwest China, were analyzed using an iodide Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer combined with a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO–CIMS). The set of compounds identified by FIGAERO–CIMS was estimated to represent 28.6% of the organic matter in PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Evaporation temperatures measured by FIGAERO–CIMS indicated that semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) were dominant among the identified analytes. Concentrations of CHO (6.01 ± 4.24 μg m<sup>–3</sup>) and CHON (3.17 ± 2.34 μg m<sup>–3</sup>) increased in winter, especially during a severe haze episode in January 2019. The CHO compounds comprised up to 75.3 ± 3.2% of the total detected compounds. The average carbon oxidation state (<i></i><math><mover><mrow><mi>O</mi><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover></math>) was slightly elevated in the summer samples. The CHON compounds were mainly nitro-aromatics and their abundance increased substantially in winter, which was attributed to extensive biomass burning demonstrated by high levels of levoglucosan. Biomass-burning related sources accounted for 61.0 ± 19.6% and 68.3 ± 21.9% of the total CHON concentration in autumn and winter, respectively, while secondary formation was the dominant source of CHON species in spring (70.1 ± 11.6%) and summer (79.8 ± 7.0%). These results emphasize the importance of secondary formation and biomass burning as sources of OA components and reveal a clear need to control biomass burning used for heating in Xi’an and its surroundings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15,"journal":{"name":"ACS Earth and Space Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00042","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Characterization and Seasonal Variation of PM2.5 Composition in Xi’an, Northwest China: Oxygenated and Nitrogenous Organic Aerosol\",\"authors\":\"Yijun Shang, Linjie Li, Tingting Sun, Xiangrui Kong, Sen Wang* and Mattias Hallquist*, \",\"doi\":\"10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00042\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p >Oxygenated (CHO) and nitrogenous (CHON) organic aerosols (OA) are important components of fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) in urban environments. To achieve a molecular-level understanding of the seasonal variation of the OA fraction, ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> samples collected from April 2018 to March 2019 in Xi’an, Northwest China, were analyzed using an iodide Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer combined with a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO–CIMS). The set of compounds identified by FIGAERO–CIMS was estimated to represent 28.6% of the organic matter in PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Evaporation temperatures measured by FIGAERO–CIMS indicated that semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) were dominant among the identified analytes. Concentrations of CHO (6.01 ± 4.24 μg m<sup>–3</sup>) and CHON (3.17 ± 2.34 μg m<sup>–3</sup>) increased in winter, especially during a severe haze episode in January 2019. The CHO compounds comprised up to 75.3 ± 3.2% of the total detected compounds. The average carbon oxidation state (<i></i><math><mover><mrow><mi>O</mi><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover></math>) was slightly elevated in the summer samples. The CHON compounds were mainly nitro-aromatics and their abundance increased substantially in winter, which was attributed to extensive biomass burning demonstrated by high levels of levoglucosan. Biomass-burning related sources accounted for 61.0 ± 19.6% and 68.3 ± 21.9% of the total CHON concentration in autumn and winter, respectively, while secondary formation was the dominant source of CHON species in spring (70.1 ± 11.6%) and summer (79.8 ± 7.0%). These results emphasize the importance of secondary formation and biomass burning as sources of OA components and reveal a clear need to control biomass burning used for heating in Xi’an and its surroundings.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":15,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"ACS Earth and Space Chemistry\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-06-20\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00042\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"ACS Earth and Space Chemistry\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"92\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00042\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"化学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ACS Earth and Space Chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00042","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Characterization and Seasonal Variation of PM2.5 Composition in Xi’an, Northwest China: Oxygenated and Nitrogenous Organic Aerosol
Oxygenated (CHO) and nitrogenous (CHON) organic aerosols (OA) are important components of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in urban environments. To achieve a molecular-level understanding of the seasonal variation of the OA fraction, ambient PM2.5 samples collected from April 2018 to March 2019 in Xi’an, Northwest China, were analyzed using an iodide Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer combined with a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO–CIMS). The set of compounds identified by FIGAERO–CIMS was estimated to represent 28.6% of the organic matter in PM2.5. Evaporation temperatures measured by FIGAERO–CIMS indicated that semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) were dominant among the identified analytes. Concentrations of CHO (6.01 ± 4.24 μg m–3) and CHON (3.17 ± 2.34 μg m–3) increased in winter, especially during a severe haze episode in January 2019. The CHO compounds comprised up to 75.3 ± 3.2% of the total detected compounds. The average carbon oxidation state () was slightly elevated in the summer samples. The CHON compounds were mainly nitro-aromatics and their abundance increased substantially in winter, which was attributed to extensive biomass burning demonstrated by high levels of levoglucosan. Biomass-burning related sources accounted for 61.0 ± 19.6% and 68.3 ± 21.9% of the total CHON concentration in autumn and winter, respectively, while secondary formation was the dominant source of CHON species in spring (70.1 ± 11.6%) and summer (79.8 ± 7.0%). These results emphasize the importance of secondary formation and biomass burning as sources of OA components and reveal a clear need to control biomass burning used for heating in Xi’an and its surroundings.
期刊介绍:
The scope of ACS Earth and Space Chemistry includes the application of analytical, experimental and theoretical chemistry to investigate research questions relevant to the Earth and Space. The journal encompasses the highly interdisciplinary nature of research in this area, while emphasizing chemistry and chemical research tools as the unifying theme. The journal publishes broadly in the domains of high- and low-temperature geochemistry, atmospheric chemistry, marine chemistry, planetary chemistry, astrochemistry, and analytical geochemistry. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry publishes Articles, Letters, Reviews, and Features to provide flexible formats to readily communicate all aspects of research in these fields.