Drought Monitoring Using MODIS Derived Indices and Google Earth Engine Platform for Vadodara District, Gujarat

Drought is considered to be the most complex but least understood of all natural hazards, affecting more people. Its reappearance in drought-prone areas every few years is almost certain. Also, they lack sudden and easily identified onsets and terminations. Under the background of global climate change, the impact from drought exhibits the characteristics of complexity and multi-process. It has a significant impact on the water resources, agriculture, society, and economy hence needs attention. Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) is used for observing the change in vegetation that causes agricultural drought. Since the land surface temperature has minimum influence from cloud contamination and humidity in the air, so the Temperature Condition Index (TCI) is used for studying the temperature change. Dryness or wetness of soil is a major indicator for agriculture and a comprehensive assessment of vegetation and temperature stress is achieved from MODIS satellite data in Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform for pre and post monsoon season from 2008 to 2022 (15- year period). Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) is used for observing the change in vegetation that causes agricultural drought. Since the land surface temperature has minimum influence from cloud contamination and humidity in the air, so the Temperature Condition Index (TCI) is used for studying the temperature change. The research also incorporates precipitation data from WorldClim to investigate its influence on the Vegetation Health Index (VHI). Mann Kendall trend analysis is employed to examine spatio-temporal variations in drought severity, for both pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The results emphasize the sensitivity of VHI to shifts in rainfall patterns, providing valuable insights for drought monitoring and management. In essence, this study enhances understanding of drought dynamics and emphasizes the significance of Remote Sensing data and climate information for effective drought assessment and mitigation strategies.