利用量规不变性对称电动力学的能动张量

Helmut Haberzettl
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摘要

研究表明,使用诺特定理明确地将规整不变性用于电磁四势 $A^\mu$ 的变化,可以直接确保所得到的电磁能量-动量张量是对称的。该方法基于贝塞尔-哈根(Bessel-Hagen)1921 年对诺特原始程序的澄清,表明对称性问题源于对诺特定理的不完全执行。
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Using gauge invariance to symmetrize the energy-momentum tensor of electrodynamics
It is shown that using Noether's Theorem explicitly employing gauge invariance for variations of the electromagnetic four-potential $A^\mu$ straightforwardly ensures that the resulting electromagnetic energy-momentum tensor is symmetric. The Belinfante symmetrization procedure is not necessary. The method is based on Bessel-Hagen's 1921 clarification of Noether's original procedure, suggesting that the symmetry problem arises from an incomplete implementation of Noether's Theorem.
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