Saba Bahrami, Alexander E. S. Van Driessche, Mohamed F. Mady, Reza Panahi
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Statistical analyses revealed that some amino acid-containing inhibitors used at commercially acceptable dosages, 2 and 4 ppm, effectively inhibited the scale formation by approximately 90%, comparable to pure polyphosphates (p < 0.05). These mixtures also provided up to 70% reduction in the consumption of pure polyphosphates. Consequently, drawbacks associated with polyphosphates are mitigated, and the risk of biofouling linked to applying green molecules at high dosages is minimized. Furthermore, the amino acids and polyphosphates synergistically inhibited one or multiple stage(s) of scale formation. Notably, ion association in the prenucleation stage, and nucleation were selectively and remarkably prevented in the presence of 2 ppm glycine/STPP and 4 ppm glycine/SHMP, respectively. These findings hold great promise for developing sustainable, safe, and efficient inhibitors for various processes such as membrane-based water purification.</p>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A Synergistic Approach to Develop Sustainable Scale Inhibitors Combining Amino Acids and Polyphosphates\",\"authors\":\"Saba Bahrami, Alexander E. S. Van Driessche, Mohamed F. Mady, Reza Panahi\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s11270-024-07289-w\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Applying conventional antiscalants, e.g., polyphosphates, may bring about environmental and health concerns, warranting the application of green compounds. This work reports the application of amino acids such as glutamic acid and glycine, individually and in the presence of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), as antiscalants. At various dosages, these inhibitors were added to calcium sulfate supersaturated solutions, and the inhibition values were determined at 71 °C for 24 h, according to a standard jar test method. Moreover, in the jar environment, the changes in electrical conductivity and turbidity, and size and bulk volume of the deposit particles were measured and used to unveil the affected stages of scaling and the governing mechanisms. Statistical analyses revealed that some amino acid-containing inhibitors used at commercially acceptable dosages, 2 and 4 ppm, effectively inhibited the scale formation by approximately 90%, comparable to pure polyphosphates (p < 0.05). These mixtures also provided up to 70% reduction in the consumption of pure polyphosphates. Consequently, drawbacks associated with polyphosphates are mitigated, and the risk of biofouling linked to applying green molecules at high dosages is minimized. Furthermore, the amino acids and polyphosphates synergistically inhibited one or multiple stage(s) of scale formation. Notably, ion association in the prenucleation stage, and nucleation were selectively and remarkably prevented in the presence of 2 ppm glycine/STPP and 4 ppm glycine/SHMP, respectively. 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A Synergistic Approach to Develop Sustainable Scale Inhibitors Combining Amino Acids and Polyphosphates
Applying conventional antiscalants, e.g., polyphosphates, may bring about environmental and health concerns, warranting the application of green compounds. This work reports the application of amino acids such as glutamic acid and glycine, individually and in the presence of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), as antiscalants. At various dosages, these inhibitors were added to calcium sulfate supersaturated solutions, and the inhibition values were determined at 71 °C for 24 h, according to a standard jar test method. Moreover, in the jar environment, the changes in electrical conductivity and turbidity, and size and bulk volume of the deposit particles were measured and used to unveil the affected stages of scaling and the governing mechanisms. Statistical analyses revealed that some amino acid-containing inhibitors used at commercially acceptable dosages, 2 and 4 ppm, effectively inhibited the scale formation by approximately 90%, comparable to pure polyphosphates (p < 0.05). These mixtures also provided up to 70% reduction in the consumption of pure polyphosphates. Consequently, drawbacks associated with polyphosphates are mitigated, and the risk of biofouling linked to applying green molecules at high dosages is minimized. Furthermore, the amino acids and polyphosphates synergistically inhibited one or multiple stage(s) of scale formation. Notably, ion association in the prenucleation stage, and nucleation were selectively and remarkably prevented in the presence of 2 ppm glycine/STPP and 4 ppm glycine/SHMP, respectively. These findings hold great promise for developing sustainable, safe, and efficient inhibitors for various processes such as membrane-based water purification.
期刊介绍:
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments.
Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation.
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.