冻结在出露热液系统中的地震群(智利博尔芬断裂带)

IF 3.2 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Solid Earth Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI:10.22541/essoar.171995191.13613873/v1
Simone Masoch, Giorgio Pennacchioni, Michele Fondriest, Rodrigo Gomila, Piero Poli, José Cembrano, Giulio Di Toro
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要地震群通常发生在上地壳热液-岩浆系统中,并激活网状断层网络。这些网络是如何沿着地震断层在空间和时间上发展起来的,地质记录中对此没有很好的解释。在这里,我们描述了花岗岩中富含表土的小位移(1.5 米)断层脉的空间密集阵列,这些断层脉发生在附属断层与出露的地震成因博尔芬断层带(智利北部阿塔卡马断层系统)的交汇处。鳞片岩断层和岩脉发生在 3-7 千米深处,环境温度为 200-300 °C。在距离断层脉≤1厘米处,岩壁岩的岩浆石英显示出(i)薄(< 10微米厚)的交错变形层,以及(ii)横切的充满石英的细脉。富含闪石的断层脉(i)包括岩浆石英变形碎屑,变形片层和充满石英的细脉,(ii)记录了从延伸到混合脉和地震或地震剪切的循环事件。壁岩石英的变形被解释为记录了与小地震破裂传播相关的大应力扰动。与此相反,形成富含表土的断层脉的扩张和剪切被解释为记录了成熟的、水力连接的断层-断裂系统的后期发展。在后一阶段,断层-断裂系统因流体压力波动而发生周期性断裂,可能与群震序列有关。
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Earthquake swarms frozen in an exhumed hydrothermal system (Bolfin Fault Zone, Chile)
Abstract. Earthquake swarms commonly occur in upper-crustal hydrothermal-magmatic systems and activate mesh-like fault networks. How these networks develop through space and time along seismic faults is poorly constrained in the geological record. Here, we describe a spatially dense array of small-displacement (< 1.5 m) epidote-rich fault-veins within granitoids, occurring at the intersections of subsidiary faults with the exhumed seismogenic Bolfin Fault Zone (Atacama Fault System, Northern Chile). Epidote faulting and veining occurred at 3–7 km depth and 200–300 °C ambient temperature. At distance ≤ 1 cm to fault-veins, the magmatic quartz of the wall-rock shows (i) thin (< 10-µm-thick) interlaced deformation lamellae, and (ii) crosscutting quartz-filled veinlets. The epidote-rich fault-veins (i) include clasts of deformed magmatic quartz, with deformation lamellae and quartz-filled veinlets, and (ii) record cyclic events of extensional-to-hybrid veining and either aseismic or seismic shearing. Deformation of the wall-rock quartz is interpreted to record the large stress perturbations associated with the rupture propagation of small earthquakes. In contrast, dilation and shearing forming the epidote-rich fault-veins are interpreted to record the later development of a mature and hydraulically-connected fault-fracture system. In this latter stage, the fault-fracture system cyclically ruptured due to fluid pressure fluctuations, possibly correlated with swarm-like earthquake sequences.
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来源期刊
Solid Earth
Solid Earth GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS-
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
8.80%
发文量
78
审稿时长
4.5 months
期刊介绍: Solid Earth (SE) is a not-for-profit journal that publishes multidisciplinary research on the composition, structure, dynamics of the Earth from the surface to the deep interior at all spatial and temporal scales. The journal invites contributions encompassing observational, experimental, and theoretical investigations in the form of short communications, research articles, method articles, review articles, and discussion and commentaries on all aspects of the solid Earth (for details see manuscript types). Being interdisciplinary in scope, SE covers the following disciplines: geochemistry, mineralogy, petrology, volcanology; geodesy and gravity; geodynamics: numerical and analogue modeling of geoprocesses; geoelectrics and electromagnetics; geomagnetism; geomorphology, morphotectonics, and paleoseismology; rock physics; seismics and seismology; critical zone science (Earth''s permeable near-surface layer); stratigraphy, sedimentology, and palaeontology; rock deformation, structural geology, and tectonics.
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