{"title":"孟加拉湾强烈热带气旋生命周期中的海气热通量变化","authors":"Pravat Rabi Naskar, Mrutyunjay Mohapatra, Gyan Prakash Singh","doi":"10.1007/s00703-024-01026-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, we have tried to find out the influence of air-sea heat fluxes (particularly the Surface Latent Heat Flux (SLHF) and the Surface Sensible Heat Flux (SSHF)) on the intensity of Intense Tropical Cyclones’ (ITCs’). We have analysed 32 ITCs which originated in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) during 1990–2019. We have used IMD best track data for track and vital parameters of ITCs. We have also used high resolution (0.25°×0.25°) ERA5 SLHF, SSHF and SST data for their variations during the lifetime of ITCs. It is observed that the SLHF<sub>max</sub> during the whole lifetime and the study period is highly correlated with ITCs’ intensity (i.e. with the central pressure (CP) and the maximum sustained wind speed (MSW)) whereas the SSHF<sub>max</sub> shows weak correlations with ITCs’ intensity. This suggests the strong association between the SLHF<sub>max</sub> and ITCs intensity and strong latent heat flux exchange between the ocean and atmosphere during the whole lifetime and the study period. Similar results are observed in the pre-monsoon and the post-monsoon season. In the pre-monsoon season the association of SLHF<sub>max</sub> with the ITCs intensity is stronger than the post-monsoon season due to strong background conditions, pointing towards the strong air-sea interaction. The SLHF<sub>max</sub> in the growing and the decaying stage are also highly correlated with ITCs’ intensity but correlation coefficients of ITCs’ intensity with the SLHF<sub>max</sub> in the decaying stage are slightly higher than those of in the growing stage. It is also found that the SSHF<sub>max</sub> has an appreciable correlation with ITCs’ intensity during the growing stage whereas it has negligible correlation with ITCs’ intensity during the decaying stage pointing towards the influence of sensible heat flux in the growing stage of ITCs. It is also noticed that during rapid decay (RD) the SLHF<sub>max</sub> is highly correlated with ITCs’ intensity possibly due to cold wakes which rapidly diminishes the SLHF but during rapid intensification the SLHF does not increase so rapidly due to the sluggish WISHE feedback, hence the SLHF<sub>max</sub> during rapid intensification (RI) is not appreciably correlated with ITCs’ intensity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51132,"journal":{"name":"Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Variations in air-sea heat fluxes during lifetime of intense tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal\",\"authors\":\"Pravat Rabi Naskar, Mrutyunjay Mohapatra, Gyan Prakash Singh\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s00703-024-01026-y\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>In this study, we have tried to find out the influence of air-sea heat fluxes (particularly the Surface Latent Heat Flux (SLHF) and the Surface Sensible Heat Flux (SSHF)) on the intensity of Intense Tropical Cyclones’ (ITCs’). We have analysed 32 ITCs which originated in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) during 1990–2019. We have used IMD best track data for track and vital parameters of ITCs. We have also used high resolution (0.25°×0.25°) ERA5 SLHF, SSHF and SST data for their variations during the lifetime of ITCs. It is observed that the SLHF<sub>max</sub> during the whole lifetime and the study period is highly correlated with ITCs’ intensity (i.e. with the central pressure (CP) and the maximum sustained wind speed (MSW)) whereas the SSHF<sub>max</sub> shows weak correlations with ITCs’ intensity. This suggests the strong association between the SLHF<sub>max</sub> and ITCs intensity and strong latent heat flux exchange between the ocean and atmosphere during the whole lifetime and the study period. Similar results are observed in the pre-monsoon and the post-monsoon season. In the pre-monsoon season the association of SLHF<sub>max</sub> with the ITCs intensity is stronger than the post-monsoon season due to strong background conditions, pointing towards the strong air-sea interaction. The SLHF<sub>max</sub> in the growing and the decaying stage are also highly correlated with ITCs’ intensity but correlation coefficients of ITCs’ intensity with the SLHF<sub>max</sub> in the decaying stage are slightly higher than those of in the growing stage. It is also found that the SSHF<sub>max</sub> has an appreciable correlation with ITCs’ intensity during the growing stage whereas it has negligible correlation with ITCs’ intensity during the decaying stage pointing towards the influence of sensible heat flux in the growing stage of ITCs. It is also noticed that during rapid decay (RD) the SLHF<sub>max</sub> is highly correlated with ITCs’ intensity possibly due to cold wakes which rapidly diminishes the SLHF but during rapid intensification the SLHF does not increase so rapidly due to the sluggish WISHE feedback, hence the SLHF<sub>max</sub> during rapid intensification (RI) is not appreciably correlated with ITCs’ intensity.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":51132,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-07-04\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"89\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-024-01026-y\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"地球科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-024-01026-y","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Variations in air-sea heat fluxes during lifetime of intense tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal
In this study, we have tried to find out the influence of air-sea heat fluxes (particularly the Surface Latent Heat Flux (SLHF) and the Surface Sensible Heat Flux (SSHF)) on the intensity of Intense Tropical Cyclones’ (ITCs’). We have analysed 32 ITCs which originated in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) during 1990–2019. We have used IMD best track data for track and vital parameters of ITCs. We have also used high resolution (0.25°×0.25°) ERA5 SLHF, SSHF and SST data for their variations during the lifetime of ITCs. It is observed that the SLHFmax during the whole lifetime and the study period is highly correlated with ITCs’ intensity (i.e. with the central pressure (CP) and the maximum sustained wind speed (MSW)) whereas the SSHFmax shows weak correlations with ITCs’ intensity. This suggests the strong association between the SLHFmax and ITCs intensity and strong latent heat flux exchange between the ocean and atmosphere during the whole lifetime and the study period. Similar results are observed in the pre-monsoon and the post-monsoon season. In the pre-monsoon season the association of SLHFmax with the ITCs intensity is stronger than the post-monsoon season due to strong background conditions, pointing towards the strong air-sea interaction. The SLHFmax in the growing and the decaying stage are also highly correlated with ITCs’ intensity but correlation coefficients of ITCs’ intensity with the SLHFmax in the decaying stage are slightly higher than those of in the growing stage. It is also found that the SSHFmax has an appreciable correlation with ITCs’ intensity during the growing stage whereas it has negligible correlation with ITCs’ intensity during the decaying stage pointing towards the influence of sensible heat flux in the growing stage of ITCs. It is also noticed that during rapid decay (RD) the SLHFmax is highly correlated with ITCs’ intensity possibly due to cold wakes which rapidly diminishes the SLHF but during rapid intensification the SLHF does not increase so rapidly due to the sluggish WISHE feedback, hence the SLHFmax during rapid intensification (RI) is not appreciably correlated with ITCs’ intensity.
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Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics accepts original research papers for publication following the recommendations of a review panel. The emphasis lies with the following topic areas:
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Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics discusses physical and chemical processes - in both clear and cloudy atmospheres - including radiation, optical and electrical effects, precipitation and cloud microphysics.
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