超越捕食者的丰富性:多样化种植如何加强害虫调控

IF 5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Journal of Applied Ecology Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI:10.1111/1365-2664.14719
Maria Fernanda G. V. Peñaflor
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引用次数: 0

摘要

研究亮点讨论:Heinen, J.; Dominguez, V.; Aguilera, G.; Malsher, G.; Vesterinen, E.; Roslin, T.; Bommarco, R.; Bartomeus, I. (2024)。多样化种植通过为食肉动物提供季节性资源连续性来加强对食草动物的调控。应用生态学杂志》,https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14674。作物单一种植由同质的农业生态系统组成,高度依赖杀虫剂调节虫害和矿物肥料维持植物营养,是复原力最低的系统。农业多样化实践可以增加农业生态系统的异质性,从而增加节肢动物捕食者的丰富性,增强生态服务。在害虫的天敌中,通性捕食者对害虫的调控非常重要,因为它们捕食各种节肢害虫,并在整个季节都存在。然而,由于它们会消耗其他捕食者(群落内捕食)和土壤动物,因此尚不确定通性捕食者数量的增加是否会转化为害虫调节能力的提高。Heinen 等人的研究考察了多样化轮作和有机施肥如何影响谷物田整个种植周期中捕食者与被捕食者之间的相互作用。捕食者对食物的偏好随生长季节而变化,这表明土壤动物群是季节早期捕食者招募和维持的重要资源。虽然谷物内的捕食率相当高,但在多样化程度最高的田块中,捕食率在整个季节都有所下降,害虫的捕食率保持稳定。这项研究表明,多样化种植对于在作物生长季节提供可供选择的猎物(土壤动物和捕食者)的资源连续性、提高捕食者的丰富度和食草动物的调节能力非常重要。
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Beyond predator richness: How diversified cropping can enhance pest regulation

Research Highlight discussing: Heinen, J.; Dominguez, V.; Aguilera, G.; Malsher, G.; Vesterinen, E.; Roslin, T.; Bommarco, R.; Bartomeus, I. (2024). Diversified cropping strengthens herbivore regulation by providing seasonal resource continuity to predators. Journal of Applied Ecology, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14674. Crop monocultures consist of homogenous agroecosystems highly dependent on pesticides for pest regulation and mineral fertilisation for maintaining plant nutrition, representing the least resilient system. Agricultural diversification practices can increase heterogeneity in agroecosystems, resulting in greater richness of arthropod predators and enhanced ecological services. Among natural enemies of pests, generalist predators are important for pest regulation as they prey on diverse arthropod pests and be present throughout the season. However, since they consume other predators (intraguild predation) and soil fauna, it is uncertain whether enhanced richness of generalist predators translates into improved pest regulation. The study by Heinen et al. examined how diversified crop rotation and organic fertilisation influenced predator–prey interactions throughout the cropping cycle in cereal fields. The predators' diet preference shifted over the growing season, indicating that soil fauna is an important resource for recruitment and maintenance of predators early in the season. Although intraguild predation was considerably high, it decreased across the season in fields with the greatest level of diversification, where predation of pests remained stable. This study demonstrated how diversified cropping is important for providing resource continuity with alternative prey (soil fauna and predators) over crop-growing season, enhancing predator richness and herbivore regulation.

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来源期刊
Journal of Applied Ecology
Journal of Applied Ecology 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
9.80
自引率
3.50%
发文量
229
审稿时长
4.5 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Applied Ecology publishes novel, high-impact papers on the interface between ecological science and the management of biological resources.The editors encourage contributions that use applied ecological problems to test and develop basic theory, although there must be clear potential for impact on the management of the environment.
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