Procedures for a Transpyloric Feeding Tube Inserted Into Newborns and Infants: A Systematic Review.

Background: Enteral feeding by a transpyloric tube in critically ill infants is indicated when there is a failure in gastric feeding. However, there is a wide variability regarding the insertion technique.

Purpose: To perform a systematic review of the methods for inserting a transpyloric feeding tube in newborns and infants.

Data sources: Nine databases, without date or language restrictions, accessed in September 2021.

Study selection: A systematic review of experimental and nonexperimental studies, according to the "Patient/problem; Intervention; Comparison; Outcome" strategy and the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses" guidelines. The clinical question was about the measurement and insertion techniques, as well as the success rates of properly placing a transpyloric tube in newborns and infants.

Data extraction: Two authors (N.M.Q. and J.F.S.) analyzed 6 observational descriptive prospective studies, all of them published in peer-reviewed indexed medical journals and one in the official journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses.

Results: The success rate varied between 70% and 100%. There was an important variability in the type of tube, measurement method, and insertion techniques. It was found that the most common strategies to achieve proper positioning were glabella-calcaneal measurements, gastric air insufflation, and right lateral decubitus.

Implications for practice: A transpyloric catheter insertion protocol needs to be established in each neonatal unit, according to the literature findings.

Implications for research: Randomized controlled studies that evaluate the gastric air insufflation technique and other adjuvant measures could elucidate the knowledge gap concerning the correct positioning of transpyloric tubing in newborns and infants.