Older adults with cancer and common comorbidities-challenges and opportunities in improving their cancer treatment outcomes.

The older American population is rapidly increasing, and millions of older adults will be cancer survivors with comorbidities. This population faces specific challenges regarding treatment and has unique clinical needs. Recognizing this need, the National Cancer Institute, in collaboration with the National Institute on Aging, hosted a webinar series, entitled Cancer, Aging, and Comorbidities. This commentary provides a reflection of 5 thematic areas covered by the webinar series, which was focused on improving cancer treatment for older adults with cancer and comorbidities: 1) the impact of comorbidities on treatment tolerability and patient outcomes; 2) the impact of comorbidities on cancer clinical trial design; 3) the development of wearable devices in measuring comorbidities in cancer treatment; 4) the effects of nutrition and the microbiome on cancer therapy; and 5) the role of senescence and senotherapy in age-related diseases. Advances have been made in these areas, however, many gaps and challenges exist and are discussed in this commentary. To improve cancer survivorship in older populations with comorbidities, aging and comorbidities must be jointly considered and incorporated across the spectrum of cancer research. This includes more basic research of the mechanisms linking comorbidities and cancer development and treatment response, building critical resources and infrastructure (eg, preclinical models and patient samples), conducting clinical trials focused on the older population, integrating geriatric assessment into cancer treatment, and incorporating novel technologies, such as wearable devices, into clinical trials and cancer care.