Artificial intelligence based diagnosis of sulcus: assesment of videostroboscopy via deep learning.

Purpose: To develop a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based model for classifying videostroboscopic images of patients with sulcus, benign vocal fold (VF) lesions, and healthy VFs to improve clinicians' accuracy in diagnosis during videostroboscopies when evaluating sulcus.

Materials and methods: Videostroboscopies of 433 individuals who were diagnosed with sulcus (91), who were diagnosed with benign VF diseases (i.e., polyp, nodule, papilloma, cyst, or pseudocyst [311]), or who were healthy (33) were analyzed. After extracting 91,159 frames from videostroboscopies, a CNN-based model was created and tested. The healthy and sulcus groups underwent binary classification. In the second phase of the study, benign VF lesions were added to the training set, and multiclassification was executed across all groups. The proposed CNN-based model results were compared with five laryngology experts' assessments.

Results: In the binary classification phase, the CNN-based model achieved 98% accuracy, 98% recall, 97% precision, and a 97% F1 score for classifying sulcus and healthy VFs. During the multiclassification phase, when evaluated on a subset of frames encompassing all included groups, the CNN-based model demonstrated greater accuracy when compared with that of the five laryngologists (%76 versus 72%, 68%, 72%, 63%, and 72%).

Conclusion: The utilization of a CNN-based model serves as a significant aid in the diagnosis of sulcus, a VF disease that presents notable challenges in the diagnostic process. Further research could be undertaken to assess the practicality of implementing this approach in real-time application in clinical practice.