韩国首次发掘出驯化的 "清州糙米

Plants Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI:10.3390/plants13141948
Yong-Gu Cho, Me-Sun Kim, Kwon-Kyoo Kang, Joong Hyoun Chin, Ju-Kyung Yu, Soowon Cho, Chul-Won Lee, Jun Hyun Cho, Tae-Sik Park, Hak-Soo Suh, M. Heu, Seung-Won Lee, Jong-Yoon Woo, Yung-Jo Lee
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摘要

由 Yung-jo Lee 和 Jong-yoon Woo 领导的考古发掘工作在大韩民国清州的 Sorori 旧石器时代遗址进行了两次,该遗址位于金刚江上游,即 Miho 江畔。1998 年和 2001 年,共发掘出 127 颗稻种,包括 18 颗古稻和 109 颗准稻种。在第一次发掘中,出土了 11 个短粳型古稻和 1 个细长光滑型古稻,以及两种准稻。第一次和第二次出土的 11 个短米粒的平均长度分别为 7.19 毫米和 3.08 毫米。准稻米显然不同于水稻,其颖片表面没有双峰突起。在第二次发掘中,发现了 6 个短小的古稻糠和一些准稻米 2。这些短粒古稻与伊利山新石器时代遗址出土的古稻相当。地质学家和放射线学家证实,发现稻米的泥炭层的历史超过 15000 年。本研究比较分析了清州梭罗里稻谷的形态特征、破碎程度以及与遗传多态性相关的 DNA 带型,并分析了其与野生稻、杂草稻和现代稻的遗传异同。根据清州梭罗里遗址出土稻谷的形态、生态和生理变化,推测韩国水稻驯化的起源。研究还认为,出土稻谷的 DNA 测序结果是推测水稻早期驯化起源的重要线索。
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The First Domesticated ‘Cheongju Sorori Rice’ Excavated in Korea
Archaeological excavations led by Yung-jo Lee and Jong-yoon Woo were carried out twice at the Sorori paleolithic site, Cheongju, in the Republic of Korea, at the upper stream of the Geumgang river, the Miho riverside. A total of 127 rice seeds were excavated, including 18 ancient rice and 109 Quasi-rice, in 1998 and 2001. At the first excavation, eleven short japonica-type ancient rice and one slender smooth ancient rice with two kinds of Quasi-rice were excavated. The average length of the 11 short rice grains obtained from the first and second excavation was 7.19 mm and the average width was 3.08 mm, respectively. The Quasi-rice are apparently different from the rice and do not have bi-peak protuberances on their glume surface. At the second excavation, six short ancient rice chaffs and some Quasi-rice 2 were found. These short-grained ancient rice were comparable to the ancient rice that were excavated at the Illsan Neolithic site. Geologists and radiologists confirmed that the peat layer in which the rice found was older than 15,000 years. In this study, the morphological characteristics, crushing, and DNA band patterns related to the genetic polymorphism of rice grains in Cheongju Sorori were compared and analyzed for genetic similarities and differences with wild rice, weed rice, and modern rice. The morphological, ecological, and physiological variations in rice grains excavated from the Sorori site were presumed to denote the origin of rice domestication in Korea. It is also suggested that the results of the DNA sequencing of excavated rice are very important clues in estimating the origin of the early domestication of rice.
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