人类和小鼠菌状味蕾的结构比较

bioRxiv Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI:10.1101/2024.07.10.602971
Brigit High, Thomas E. Finger
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摘要

味蕾通常在啮齿动物模型中进行研究,但小鼠和人类在味觉机制和敏感性方面存在一些差异。这些功能差异是否反映在物种间的结构差异上还不清楚。我们利用免疫荧光图像堆叠技术比较了小鼠和人类真菌味蕾的形态和分子特征。结果表明,虽然小鼠和人类菌状味蕾的总体特征相似,但有几个特征却有显著差异。人类的味蕾比小鼠的更大更高,但它们包含的味觉细胞数量相似。人的味蕾更多地由表达嘌呤能受体 P2X3 的味觉神经纤维支配,其支配密度比小鼠高 40%。与小鼠的 II 型细胞一样,人类味蕾中也有一部分细胞(约 30%)对 PLCβ2 具有免疫反应。这些具有 PLCβ2 免疫反应的细胞显示出与味觉神经纤维紧密相连的 CALHM1 免疫反应点,这表明小鼠体内存在通道型突触。不过,与小鼠相比,人类用于衡量突触接触的这些点状突触要大得多。总之,这些研究结果表明,虽然小鼠和人类真菌味蕾的结构组织存在许多相似之处,但在味蕾大小、神经支配密度和突触接触大小方面确实存在显著差异,这可能会影响味觉信号的传递。
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Structural comparisons of human and mouse fungiform taste buds
Taste buds are commonly studied in rodent models, but some differences exist between mice and humans in terms of gustatory mechanisms and sensitivities. Whether these functional differences are reflected in structural differences between species is unclear. Using immunofluorescent image stacks, we compared morphological and molecular characteristics of mouse and human fungiform taste buds. The results suggest that while the general features of fungiform taste buds are similar between mice and humans, several characteristics differ significantly. Human taste buds are larger and taller than those of mice, yet they contain similar numbers of taste cells. Taste buds in humans are more heavily innervated by gustatory nerve fibers expressing the purinergic receptor P2X3 showing a 40% higher innervation density than in mice. Like Type II cells of mice, a subset (about 30%) of cells in human taste buds is immunoreactive for PLCβ2. These PLCβ2-immunoreactive cells display CALHM1-immunoreactive puncta closely apposed to gustatory nerve fibers suggestive of channel-type synapses described in mice. These puncta, used as a measure of synaptic contact, are however significantly larger in humans compared to mice. Altogether these findings suggest that while many similarities exist in the structural organization of murine and human fungiform taste buds, significant differences do exist in taste bud size, innervation density, and size of synaptic contacts that may impact gustatory signal transmission.
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