优化接骨木果实(Sambucus nigra L.)中生物活性化合物的提取方法并测试提取物的稳定性

Oana-Elena Pascariu, Luís G Dias, Florentina Israel-Roming
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摘要

接骨木果(Sambucus nigra L.)中的酚类化合物因其潜在的健康益处而备受关注。本文研究了从这些水果中获取酚类化合物的不同萃取方法以及萃取物的稳定性。对几种萃取技术(连续搅拌萃取、超声波辅助萃取、微波辅助萃取、浸渍和酶辅助萃取)进行了测试和比较,以评估萃取物的产量和质量。此外,还研究了提取物在不同储存参数(时间和温度)和加工条件(浓缩和冻干)下的稳定性。结果表明,超声辅助提取(UAE)的总酚类化合物产量最高(74.89 毫克 GAE/克),其中总花青素占 71.23%,单体花青素占 62.50%,总黄酮类化合物为 8.11-9.41 毫克 RUE/克。对单个酚类化合物的分析再次证实了 UAE 的高效性,得到 0.42-0.09 mg/g没食子酸、0.59-0.01 mg/g绿原酸、0.17-0.03 mg/g对香豆酸和 2.43-0.01 mg/g芦丁。通过优化萃取条件,得出最佳溶剂为 45% 乙醇(v/v),最佳参数为 40 °C 40 分钟。研究还发现,萃取物在很长一段时间内(甚至 180 天后)都具有很高的稳定性。这些发现有助于了解如何优化萃取过程和贮存条件,以从接骨木果实中获得富含酚类化合物的提取物,从而在制药和食品应用中发挥潜在作用。
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Optimization of Extraction Method of Bioactive Compounds from Elderberries (Sambucus nigra L.) and Testing Extract Stability
Phenolic compounds from elderberries (Sambucus nigra L.) have attracted attention due to their potential health benefits. This paper examines different extraction methods used to obtain phenolic compounds from these fruits and the stability of the extracts. Several extraction techniques (extraction with continuous agitation, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, maceration, and enzyme-assisted extraction) were tested and compared to evaluate the yield and the quality of the extracts. The stability of the extracts with various storage parameters (time and temperature) and processing conditions (concentration and lyophilization) was also investigated. The results showed that ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) provided the highest yield of total phenolic compounds (74.89 mg GAE/g), of which 71.23% were represented by total anthocyanins and 62.50% by monomeric anthocyanins, with total flavonoids of 8.11–9.41 mg RUE/g. The analysis of individual phenolic compounds reconfirms the efficiency of UAE, obtaining 0.42–0.09 mg/g gallic acid, 0.59–0.01 mg/g chlorogenic acid, 0.17–0.03 mg/g 4-coumaric acid, and 2.43–0.01 mg/g rutin. The optimization of the extraction conditions led to the conclusion that the best solvent is 45% ethanol (v/v), and the optimal parameters are 40 °C for 40 min. It was also found that the stability of the extracts can be high during long periods of time (even after 180 days). These findings contribute to the understanding of the optimization of extraction processes and storage conditions to obtain extracts rich in phenolic compounds from elderberries, with potential uses in pharmaceutical and food applications.
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