Rifaximin: A Comprehensive Review of Structure, Uses, Mechanisms of Action, and Assay Methods

Rifaximin, a derivative of rifamycin, has emerged as a promising therapeutic tool in gastroenterology. This review explores rifaximin's intricate molecular structure and pharmacokinetic properties, highlighting its minimal systemic absorption and targeted action within the gut. The multifaceted mechanisms of action, including direct antibacterial effects and modulation of gut microbiota, are discussed. The review then examines the efficacy of rifaximin in treating various gastrointestinal disorders like traveler's diarrhea, Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D), and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO). Dosage recommendations and the well-tolerated safety profile of rifaximin are presented. Finally, the importance of quality control measures using techniques like HPLC and spectroscopy is emphasized to ensure the drug's effectiveness and safety.