Effectiveness of transarterial chemoembolization in combination with lenvatinib and programmed cell death protein-1 inhibition for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

This editorial comments on the study by Ma et al , which delves into the efficacy and predictive factors associated with the combination of transarterial chemoembolization, lenvatinib, and programmed cell death protein-1 inhibition for the management of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Analysing data from a retrospective study involving 102 patients, the treatment showcased a median overall survival (OS) of 26.43 months and a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 10.07 months. Notably, the objective response rate and disease control rate reached 61.76% and 81.37%, respectively. Specific factors such as Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Classification B-stage, early neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio response, and early alpha-fetoprotein response (> 20% decrease) correlated with superior OS and PFS. The triple therapy exhibited promising efficacy, particularly in BCLC B-stage disease, with prognostic markers aiding in patient stratification. Acknowledging the retrospective nature of the study design, future research should address this limitation and incorporate longer follow-up periods for a comprehensive evaluation of long-term outcomes.