不同罗勒(Ocimum spp.)基因型在花期不同条件下光合叶色素的变化

I. Crișan, Andrea Bunea, D. Vârban, M. Cordea, Vasile Horga, C. Vinatoru, A. Stoie, R. Vârban
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摘要

罗勒是一种烹饪香草,无论是新鲜的、晒干的还是冷冻的,全年需求量都很大。田间罗勒作物在商业上占主导地位,而温室作物则可以满足淡季对新鲜罗勒的需求。罗勒的叶片对食品工业具有重要意义,因此产生了多种多样的基因型。本研究的目的是对国家种质资源库中对育种计划有意义的 12 个罗勒基因型(绿叶和紫叶)进行比较鉴定。研究从确保植物材料常年新鲜的角度出发,考察了罗勒在田间和温室栽培条件下光合色素的积累情况,以此作为植物性能和药材质量的指标。实验中值表明,光合叶色素在大田条件下比温室条件下积累的浓度高,从高到低依次为:β-胡萝卜素、叶黄素、叶绿素 a 和叶绿素 b。与温室条件相比,所有基因型在田间条件下积累的类胡萝卜素含量都要高得多(>200%),鉴于其对健康的益处,还能提供更好的营养优势。光合作用叶片色素的差异具有营养(类胡萝卜素)、保质期和加工相关性(叶绿素),并可作为质量标记。
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Variation in the Photosynthetic Leaf Pigments of Different Basil (Ocimum spp.) Genotypes under Varying Conditions at the Flowering Stage
Basil is a culinary herb in high demand all year round, either fresh, dried, or frozen. Field basil crops are commercially predominant, while greenhouse crops can cover the demand for fresh basil during the off-season. The leaf aspect of basil has great importance for the food industry, and a great diversity of genotypes has been created. The aim of this research was to conduct a comparative characterization of 12 basil genotypes (green and purple leaf) that present interest for breeding programs from a national germplasm collection. The study examines the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments in basil cultivated in field versus greenhouse conditions as indicators of plant performance and herb quality from the perspective of ensuring fresh plant material all year round. The experimental median indicated that photosynthetic leaf pigments accumulated in higher concentrations in the field relative to the greenhouse conditions, in descending order: β-carotene, lutein, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b. The trend was not as consistent for chlorophyll b, since four out of twelve genotypes presented higher levels in the greenhouse than in the field, while the overall values were not much lower in the greenhouse than the field (16.82%). All genotypes accumulated much higher carotenoid contents in field conditions relative to greenhouse conditions (>200%) and could also provide better nutritional advantages given their demonstrated health benefits. The differences in photosynthetic leaf pigments have both nutritional (the carotenoids), shelf-life, and processing relevance (chlorophylls) and serve as quality markers.
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