马齿苋(马齿苋科)三个杂交种的花生物学和农艺学评价

Bonplandia Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI:10.30972/bon.3326433
Ayerin Carrodeguas González, Andrés Zúñiga Orozco, José Manuel Retana Vindas
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摘要

Portulaca umbraticola 是马齿苋科的一种观赏植物,广泛用于园艺。本研究的目的是评估 2021 年获得的三个马齿苋杂交种 Tekila Sunset、Coral Lipstick 和 Star Blush 的花粉活力、柱头接受能力和农艺性状,并与 Vigrow Seeds® 公司的粉色、黄色和橙色商业栽培品种进行比较。农艺学评估对五个定量变量和五个定性变量进行了测量。分别使用 1%乙酸胭脂红染色法和过氧化氢法对花粉活力和柱头接受能力进行了评估。定量变量的差异显著(p≤0.05),其中商业栽培品种的差异最大。在花粉存活率方面,存活花粉量最低和最高的栽培品种分别是珊瑚唇膏和泰基拉日落,分别为 17.4% 和 91.6%。在柱头受精率方面,栽培品种、时间和栽培品种×时间交互作用均存在明显差异(p≤0,05),大多数栽培品种在中午 11:00-3:00 之间受精率较高。为观赏市场获得了具有新颖着色模式的农艺适应性杂交种。在未来的育种计划中,建议将花粉活力最高的品种作为雄性亲本,并在柱头接受能力最强的时间范围内进行授粉。
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Floral biology and agronomic evaluation of three hybrids of Portulaca umbraticola (Portulacaceae)
Portulaca umbraticola is an ornamental plant of the Portulacaceae family widely used in gardening. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pollen viability, stigmatic receptivity and agronomic behavior of three hybrids of Portulaca umbraticola obtained in 2021, Tekila Sunset, Coral Lipstick and Star Blush in comparison to commercial cultivars pink, yellow and orange from Vigrow Seeds®. Measurements were taken in five quantitative and five qualitative variables for the agronomic evaluation. Pollen viability and stigmatic receptivity were evaluated using 1% acetic carmine staining and with hydrogen peroxide, respectively. Significant differences were obtained in the quantitative variables (p≤0,05), with the commercial cultivars being the largest. In terms of pollen viability, the cultivars with the lowest and highest amount of viable pollen were Coral Lipstick and Tekila Sunset with 17,4% and 91.6%, respectively. There were significant differences (p≤0,05) in terms of cultivars, timing and cultivar × timing interaction for stigmatic receptivity, which was greater in the range of 11:00-3:00 p. m. for most cultivars. Agronomically adapted hybrids with novel coloring patterns were obtained for the ornamental market. In future breeding programs, it is recommended to take as male parents those with the highest pollen viability and carry out pollinations in the time range where the stigma is most receptive.
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