利用磁性纳米颗粒有效去除微塑料和纳米塑料:评论

Nanomaterials Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI:10.3390/nano14141179
Sabina Vohl, M. Kristl, J. Stergar
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引用次数: 0

摘要

微塑料(MPs)和纳米塑料(NPs)在环境中的扩散已成为一个重大的环境问题,因此必须采取有效的去除策略。在这篇全面的科学综述中,我们探讨了使用磁性纳米粒子(MNPs)作为一种有前途的技术来去除水中的 MPs 和 NPs。我们首先介绍了 MPs 和 NPs 的问题及其对环境和人类健康的影响。然后,我们将介绍使用 MNPs 去除这些污染物的基本原理,强调 MNPs 能够选择性地结合和分离水源中的 MPs 和 NPs。此外,我们还简要介绍了已被证明能有效去除 MPs 和 NPs 的各类 MNPs。其中包括铁磁性纳米颗粒、涂有有机聚合物的 MNPs 以及纳米复合材料和磁性纳米结构。我们还回顾了它们的特性,如磁饱和度、尺寸、形状、表面官能化和稳定性,以及它们对去除效率的影响。接下来,我们介绍了利用 MNPs 去除 MPs 和 NPs 的不同方法。我们详细讨论了它们的优势、局限性和进一步发展的潜力。在综述的最后一部分,我们概述了现有的研究和结果,这些研究和结果证明了利用 MNPs 去除水中 MPs 和 NPs 的有效性。我们还讨论了需要克服的挑战,如纳米粒子优化、工艺可扩展性以及工艺完成后纳米粒子的去除和回收。这篇全面的科学综述对使用 MNPs 去除水中的 MPs 和 NPs 提供了广泛的见解。随着认识的提高以及先进材料和方法的开发,这项技术将在解决 MPs 和 NPs 问题以及保护清洁健康环境方面发挥重要作用。这篇综述文章的新颖之处在于强调了 MNPs 在去除水中的 MPs 和 NPs 方面的作用,并详细评述了各种 MNPs 在上述应用中的优缺点。此外,文章还对该领域的大量出版物进行了综述。
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Harnessing Magnetic Nanoparticles for the Effective Removal of Micro- and Nanoplastics: A Critical Review
The spread of micro- (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in the environment has become a significant environmental concern, necessitating effective removal strategies. In this comprehensive scientific review, we examine the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as a promising technology for the removal of MPs and NPs from water. We first describe the issues of MPs and NPs and their impact on the environment and human health. Then, the fundamental principles of using MNPs for the removal of these pollutants will be presented, emphasizing that MNPs enable the selective binding and separation of MPs and NPs from water sources. Furthermore, we provide a short summary of various types of MNPs that have proven effective in the removal of MPs and NPs. These include ferromagnetic nanoparticles and MNPs coated with organic polymers, as well as nanocomposites and magnetic nanostructures. We also review their properties, such as magnetic saturation, size, shape, surface functionalization, and stability, and their influence on removal efficiency. Next, we describe different methods of utilizing MNPs for the removal of MPs and NPs. We discuss their advantages, limitations, and potential for further development in detail. In the final part of the review, we provide an overview of the existing studies and results demonstrating the effectiveness of using MNPs for the removal of MPs and NPs from water. We also address the challenges that need to be overcome, such as nanoparticle optimization, process scalability, and the removal and recycling of nanoparticles after the completion of the process. This comprehensive scientific review offers extensive insights into the use of MNPs for the removal of MPs and NPs from water. With improved understanding and the development of advanced materials and methods, this technology can play a crucial role in addressing the issues of MPs and NPs and preserving a clean and healthy environment. The novelty of this review article is the emphasis on MNPs for the removal of MPs and NPs from water and a detailed review of the advantages and disadvantages of various MNPs for the mentioned application. Additionally, a review of a large number of publications in this field is provided.
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