关于Carbopol®聚合物在使用手部消毒凝胶过程中的命运的研究:从产品生产到最终冲洗手部过程中监测其物理状态的实验模型

Marcello Marchetti, Alessandro Perini, Michela Zanella, F. Benetti, Daniela Donelli
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引用次数: 0

摘要

Carbopol® 是一种典型的凝胶剂,属于交联聚丙烯酸共聚物系列。由于具有自润湿特性,它主要用于抗菌凝胶。Carbopol®在原始物理形态下属于微塑料,但一旦加入液体配方的水醇溶剂中,就会发生显著变化。迄今为止,还没有关于这种物质或其他同类化学聚合物物理状态的生命周期数据。本研究旨在调查意大利市场上典型洗手凝胶(如Amuchina® X-Germ)配方中使用的Carbopol®衍生微塑料在产品生命周期中的去向。我们设计了一个实验模型,用于检测从产品生产到最终使用的整个过程中Carbopol®微颗粒的存在情况。在对不同实验基质的样品制备进行优化后,使用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和μ-傅立叶变换红外光谱(µ-FTIR)对固体颗粒进行检测和表征。虽然Carbopol®本身可归类为一种微塑料,但在商用产品中并未检测到Carbopol®颗粒。十名志愿者按照标签上的说明使用了该产品,并在最后冲洗了双手。在冲洗的水中没有检测到Carbopol®微粒,这表明Carbopol微粒在使用后没有恢复原来的形态。这项研究首次提出了一种简单而全面的实验方法,通过模拟产品在现实生活中的使用情况,对成品和生命周期中的微塑料进行识别和表征。这种方法还可用于评估通过使用皮肤产品向环境释放化学成分的情况。
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Study on the Fate of the Carbopol® Polymer in the Use of Hand Sanitizer Gels: An Experimental Model to Monitor Its Physical State from Product Manufacturing up to the Final Hand Rinse
Carbopol® is a typical jelly agent belonging to the family of cross-linked polyacrylic acid copolymers. It is largely used in antibacterial gels due to its self-wetting properties. In its pristine physical form, Carbopol® falls under the definition of microplastics, though significant changes could occur once added to hydroalcoholic solvents of the liquid formulations. To date, no life-cycle data regarding the physical state are available for this substance or for other similar polymers of the same chemical class. The aim of the present study was the investigation of the fate of Carbopol®-derived microplastics used in the formulation of typical hand sanitizer gels available in the Italian market, such as Amuchina® X-Germ, along the product life cycle. An experimental model was designed to detect the presence of Carbopol® microparticles from product manufacturing to the final use. FTIR and µ-FTIR were used to detect and characterize solid particles after the optimization of the sample preparation of different experimental matrices. While Carbopol® as such can be classified as a microplastic, in the commercial product, Carbopol® particles were not detected. Ten volunteers used the product according to the instructions reported on the label, and finally they rinsed their hands. Carbopol®-based particles were not detected in the water rinse, indicating that, after usage, the original form of the Carbopol microparticles was not retrieved. The study proposes, for the first time, a simple and comprehensive experimental approach to identify and characterize microplastics in finished products and along the life cycle by simulating their real-life usage. This approach could be also useful to evaluate the release of chemical components into the environment through the use of dermal products.
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