Novel treatments of depression: bridging the gap in current therapeutic approaches

Depression poses a significant global health burden, yet current therapeutic approaches focusing on monoaminergic neurotransmission often fall short of achieving full remission and managing acute episodes effectively. This article explores novel treatment avenues beyond conventional monoaminergic approaches, focusing on emerging strategies targeting glutamatergic modulation, electrophysiological/magnetic brain stimulation techniques, anti-inflammatory agents, gut-brain axis interventions, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) modulation, and psychedelic-assisted therapy. Through a narrative review of recent literature, this paper elucidates the mechanisms, clinical efficacy, safety profiles, and future directions of these innovative treatments. These insights offer valuable perspectives for advancing depression management and bridging existing therapeutic gaps.