具有非线性固定负载的牵引供电系统建模

A. Kryukov, A. Cherepanov, Quoc Hieu Nguyen
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摘要

目的是开发具有非线性静态负载的牵引供电系统的数字模型,以确定非对称和非正弦模式。为此,在 Fazonord 软件包(版本 5.3.4.1-2024)中实施了基于相位坐标的方法。模型包括以下元素220 千伏输电线路、40 兆伏安变压器、25 千伏双轨牵引网络以及为工业运输供电系统供电的变流器。所开发的模型确定了列车在铁路干线特定路段运行时的非对称和非正弦模式。研究表明,六脉冲变流器产生的非线性静态负载会导致整流器供电的牵引变电站 10 千伏和 220 千伏输入端的谐波系数增加,在 10 千伏母线上超过 25%。在选择减少谐波畸变的方法时应考虑到这一现象。这些手段包括无源滤波器、有源调节器和配备四象限变流器的新一代电力机车。牵引变电站 10 千伏母线上的最大不对称系数为 4.8...9%。利用相控无功功率源或平衡变压器可将这些值降低到可接受的范围。在具有非线性电压-电流特性的静止负载下,所提出的模型可充分确定交流铁路供电系统的所有参数。所开发的方法用途广泛,可用于计算各种结构和设计的供电和牵引网络模式。
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Modelling of traction power supply systems with nonlinear stationary loads
The aim was to develop digital models of traction power supply systems with nonlinear stationary loads in order to determine asymmetric and non-sinusoidal modes. To this end, methods based on phase coordinates were implemented in the Fazonord software package (version 5.3.4.1–2024). The models included the following elements: 220 kV transmission lines, 40 MV·A transformers, 25 kV traction networks of double-track sections and a converter unit powering the industrial transport power supply system. The developed models identified asymmetrical and nonsinusoidal modes during the movement of a train on a specific section of the main railway. It was demonstrated that the nonlinear stationary load generated by a six-pulse converter results in an increase in harmonic coefficients at the 10 and 220 kV inputs of the traction substation feeding the rectifier, exceeding 25% on the 10 kV busbars. This phenomenon should be considered when selecting means to reduce harmonic distortion. These include passive filters, active conditioners and new-generation electric rolling stock with four-quadrant converters. The maximum asymmetry coefficients on the 10 kV busbars of traction substations ranged from 4.8...9%. These values can be reduced down to acceptable limits using phase-controlled reactive power sources or balancing transformers. The presented models allow all the parameters of the AC railway power supply system to be adequately determined under stationary loads with nonlinear voltage-current characteristics. The developed method is versatile and can be used for calculating modes of supply and traction networks of various structures and designs.
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