加拿大魁北克省圣劳伦斯河口和海湾海洋哺乳动物肌肉和肝脏组织中 80 全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 的存在情况

N. K. Khalid, Maud Le Calvez, Mélanie Lemire, Q. Dinh, Justine Fontaine, Stéphane Lair, Sébastien Sauvé
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引用次数: 0

摘要

关于海洋哺乳动物,尤其是圣劳伦斯河口和海湾的海洋哺乳动物体内最近出现的全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)的数据有限。本研究调查了各种海洋哺乳动物(包括港海豹、灰海豹、竖琴海豹、帽海豹、港湾鼠海豚、白边海豚、白喙海豚和真氏喙鲸)肝脏和肌肉组织中 PFAS 的含量。在 80 种目标 PFAS(包括 PFCAs、PFSAs、Cyclic PFSA、FASAs/FASAAs、FTCAs/FTUCAs、FTSAs、Ether-PFAS、diPAPs、全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)在所有海洋哺乳动物物种中均占主导地位,而其他几种长链全氟砷酸(PFNA、PFDA、PFUnA、PFTrDA 和 PFHxDA)在肌肉和肝脏样本中的检测频率均为 100%。肝脏样本中 PFDoA 和 7:3 氟代羧酸(7:3 酸)的检测频率也达到了 100%。竖琴海豹组织中的全氟辛烷磺酸浓度明显较低,肌肉中的全氟辛烷磺酸平均总浓度为 7 纳克/克(湿重),肝脏中的全氟辛烷磺酸平均总浓度为 44 纳克/克(湿重)。相比之下,白鳍豚的平均浓度最高,在肌肉和肝脏样本中分别达到 39 纳克/克(湿重)和 334 纳克/克(湿重)。Pearson 相关性分析表明,全氟辛烷磺酸、全氟烷基羧酸 (PFCAs) 和电化学氟化 (ECF) 前体的浓度之间存在很强的相关性。处于海洋食物链顶端的物种(港湾鼠海豚、白海豚和白喙海豚)体内的全氟辛烷磺酸浓度最高,尤其是全氟辛烷磺酸和长链全氟烷基羧酸,这表明有必要加强对这些持久性分子的监管,以保护海洋哺乳动物的健康。
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Occurrence of 80 per and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in muscle and liver tissues of marine mammals of the St. Lawrence Estuary and Gulf, Quebec, Canada
Limited data are available for the occurrence of more recent per and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in marine mammals, especially from the St. Lawrence Estuary and Gulf. This study investigates the occurrence of PFAS in liver and muscle tissues of various marine mammals, including the harbor seal, gray seal, harp seal, hooded seal, harbor porpoise, white-sided dolphin, white-beaked dolphin, and True’s beaked whale. Among the 80 target PFAS (including PFCAs, PFSAs, Cyclic PFSA, FASAs/FASAAs, FTCAs/FTUCAs, FTSAs, Ether-PFAS, diPAPs, and ESI + ECF precursors) perfluorooctanoic sulfonate (PFOS) dominates in all the marine mammal species and several other long-chain PFCAs, such as PFNA, PFDA, PFUnA, PFTrDA, and PFHxDA, were detected at 100% frequency in both muscle and liver samples. PFDoA and 7:3 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid (7:3 acid) also showed a 100% detection frequency for liver samples. Harp seal tissues displayed notably low PFAS concentrations, with average total PFAS concentrations of 7 ng/g (ww: wet weight) in muscle and 44 ng/g (ww) in the liver. In contrast, the white-sided dolphin exhibited the highest average concentrations, reaching 39 ng/g (ww) in muscle and 334 ng/g (ww) in liver samples. The Pearson correlation analysis reveals a strong correlation between the concentration of PFOS, perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), and electrochemical fluorination (ECF) precursors. Species at the top of the marine food chain (harbor porpoise, white sided dolphin, and white beaked dolphin) presented the highest concentrations of PFAS, particularly PFOS and long-chain PFCAs, highlighting the need for an increased regulation of these persistent molecules in order to protect marine mammal’s health.
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