水杨酸提高甜樱桃(Prunus avium L.)cv.的产量、果实质量和采后贮藏能力Lapins 受晚期缺水灌溉的影响

J. González-Villagra, Camila Chicahual, Emilio Jorquera-Fontena, Priscilla Falquetto-Gomes, A. Nunes-Nesi, Maryorie Reyes-Díaz
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摘要

本研究评估了施用水杨酸(SA)对亏缺灌溉(DI)条件下的杨梅产量、果实质量和采后贮藏的影响。对 6 年树龄的 Lapins 栽培品种进行了田间试验,试验采用了两种水处理方法:100% 的作物蒸散量(ETc)灌溉[全灌溉(FI)]和从第二果实期到采收期 60% 的 ETc 灌溉(DI)。在果实转色时,两种水处理均施用一次 0.5 毫摩尔的 SA。采收时,收集果实以确定产量、果实质量和采后贮藏(0、10、20 和 30 天)期间的质量。与 FI 植物相比,DI 在收获时降低了 P. avium 的果实产量(11%)、果实重量(8%)和口径(6%),提高了坚硬度(7%)和总可溶性固形物(TSS)(5%)。我们的研究表明,施用南美蔗糖能恢复 DI 植株第 0 天的果实产量(9%)、果实重量(5%)和口径(4%),并提高总可溶性固形物(TSS)。所有处理的果实重量都有所下降,在采后贮藏的第 30 天,FI 和 DI 植株的果实重量分别下降了 14% 和 13%。使用 SA 的采后贮藏期间,果实重量没有变化,只有第 30 天略有下降。在采后贮藏期间,所有处理的 TSS 均无明显差异。因此,在采后贮藏期间,SA 可以作为一种有趣的工具来减轻 DI 对 P. avium 产量和果实质量的影响,并减少果实开裂和延长果实质量。
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Salicylic Acid Improves Yield, Fruit Quality, and Post-Harvest Storage in Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) cv. Lapins Subjected to Late-Deficit Irrigation
This study evaluated the effect of salicylic acid (SA) application on yield, fruit quality, and post-harvest storage in Prunus avium subjected to deficit irrigation (DI). A field experiment with six-year-old P. avium cv. Lapins was performed under two water treatments: irrigation at 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) [full irrigation (FI)] and irrigation at 60% ETc from the second fruit phase to harvest time (DI). A single 0.5 mM SA was applied to both water treatments at fruit color change. At harvest time, fruits were collected to determine yield, fruit quality, and quality during post-harvest storage (0, 10, 20, and 30 days). The DI reduced fruit yield (11%), fruit weight (8%), and caliber (6%) and increased firmness (7%) and total soluble solids (TSS) (5%) in P. avium compared with FI plants at harvest time. Our study showed that SA application recovered fruit yield (9%), fruit weight (5%), and caliber (4%), improving TSS in DI plants at day 0. Interestingly, SA application significantly reduced P. avium fruit cracking (78% in FI and 82% in DI). Fruit weight was reduced in all treatments, mainly decreasing by 14% in FI and 13% in DI plants at day 30 of post-harvest storage. Fruit weight did not change during post-harvest storage with SA, except on day 30, where a slight reduction was observed. TSS showed no significant differences during post-harvest storage for all treatments. Therefore, SA could be an interesting tool to mitigate the impact of DI on the yield and fruit quality of P. avium and to reduce fruit cracking and prolong fruit quality during post-harvest storage.
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