Metabolic effects of chia oil in experimental models: a narrative review

Chia seeds are a promising food for society and the scientific community because they contain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as alpha-linolenic acid omega-3, antioxidants, and bioactive compounds. This study aimed to investigate the metabolic effects of chia oil in experimental models which have already been described in the literature. Twenty-two preclinical studies were selected, mostly with rats. The results showed that there is still no consensus on what oil dosage is ideal for generating health benefits, with the doses ranging from 0.1g/mL to 111.1g/mL and supplementation time of 1 to 33 weeks. The studies reported increased liver omega-3 contents, an improved lipid profile, increased HDL-c, and decreased total cholesterol levels. Improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and improved antioxidant status. It is concluded that chia oil has shown beneficial metabolic effects in organisms in preclinical studies, acting on glycemic homeostasis, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress markers.