Al–B4C-(Gd, Gd2O3) composite materials: Synthesis and characterization for neutron shielding applications

In this study, Al–20%B₄C-x%Gd and Al–20%B₄C-x%Gd₂O₃ (x = 1, 3, 5) composite powders were prepared using a high-energy planetary ball milling method to enhance the physical properties of Al–B₄C neutron shielding composites. The prepared powders were subjected to uniaxial cold compaction at 500 MPa, resulting in cylindrical specimens. Subsequently, the specimens were sintered in a tube furnace at 600 °C for 1 h under an Ar atmosphere to prevent oxidation. The microstructure of the resulting composites was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). Archimedes density, hardness, and corrosion tests were performed on the compacted samples. Moreover, the composite's thermal and fast neutron absorption rates were calculated using the MCNP6.2 simulation code. The neutron equivalent dose rate was experimentally determined using the Am–Be neutron source. The simulation results demonstrated that the composite materials containing Gd exhibited the highest thermal neutron absorption rate, while those containing Gd₂O₃ demonstrated the highest fast neutron absorption rate. This research contributes valuable insights into the design and utilization of neutron-absorbing materials with suitable mechanical properties.