在骨组织治疗中使用磁敏生物材料的原理:综述

P. A. Markov, E. Kostromina, A. D. Fesyun, P. Eremin
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摘要

简介。目前,人们正在大力开发新的生物材料,以提高修复软硬组织损伤的效率。人们提出了新的生物材料功能化方法。其中一种方法是使用磁性纳米粒子。这种方法是一种新方法,目前对它的研究还很少,不过,有关这一主题的论文数量每年都在增加,这表明研究磁性纳米粒子的成骨效应大有可为。目的。总结目前致力于研究磁敏生物材料对参与骨组织损伤修复的细胞功能活动的影响的研究成果。材料和方法:使用 PubMed 和 Scopus 数据库进行文献综述。搜索关键词:电磁场、磁性纳米粒子、生物材料、骨诱导、骨再生。申请日期:2024 年 2 月至 3 月,出版期 2000 年至 2024 年。主要内容:人们提出了生物材料功能化的新方法和新途径。其中一种方法是使用磁性纳米粒子(MNPs)。在传统医学中,磁性纳米粒子被用作造影剂,以改善癌症肿瘤的可视化;此外,磁性纳米粒子还可用作靶向给药系统和癌症肿瘤热疗的基质。新的实验数据显示,在生物材料中使用 MNPs 作为磁敏感成分,是刺激骨缺损和骨折修复的一种很有前景的方法。研究表明,经纳米粒子修饰的生物材料可刺激干细胞的成骨分化,增加骨细胞的增殖活性和细胞外基质蛋白的分泌。结论。将 MNPs 与有机聚合物、合成聚合物和其他仿生构造物相结合,是创造医用成骨生物材料(包括旨在提高骨缺损再生效率的生物材料)的一个前景广阔的方向。磁敏感生物材料的使用使创建由外部电磁刺激控制的 "智能 "组织工程结构成为可能。
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Rationale of using magnetically sensitive biomaterials in bone tissue therapy: a review
INTRODUCTION. Currently, new biomaterials are being intensively developed to improve the efficiency of repair of damage to hard and soft tissues. New approaches and methods for functionalizing biomaterials have been proposed. One such method is the use of magnetic nanoparticles. This approach is new and still little studied, however, the annual increase in the number of publications on this topic indicates the promise of studying the osteogenic effect of magnetic nanoparticles. AIM. To summarize the results of current research devoted to studying the effect of magnetically sensitive biomaterials on the functional activity of cells involved in the reparation of bone tissue damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A literature review was conducted using the databases PubMed and Scopus. Keywords used to conduct the search: electromagnetic field, magnetic nanoparticles, biomaterials, osteoinduction, bone regeneration. Request dates: February-March 2024, publication period 2000–2024 years. MAIN CONTENT. New approaches and methods for functionalizing biomaterials have been proposed. One such approach is the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Traditionally, in medicine, MNPs are used as a contrast agent to improve the visualization of cancer tumors; in addition, MNPs can act as a matrix in targeted drug delivery systems and in hyperthermic therapy of cancer tumors. New experimental data show that the use of MNPs as a magnetically sensitive component in biomaterials is a promising way to stimulate the repair of bone defects and fractures. It has been shown that biomaterials modified by nanoparticles stimulate osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, increase proliferative activity and secretion of extracellular matrix proteins by bone cells. CONCLUSION. Integration of MNPs with organic and synthetic polymers, and other biomimetic constructs is a promising direction for creating osteogenic biomaterials for medical use, including those aimed at increasing the efficiency of regeneration of bone defects. The use of magnetically sensitive biomaterials makes it possible to create “smart” tissue-engineered structures controlled by external electromagnetic stimulus.
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