Lymphatic pain in breast cancer survivors: An overview of the current evidence and recommendations

Among the 7.8 million women with breast cancer worldwide, at least 33%–44% of them are affected by lymphatic pain. Lymphatic pain refers to co-occurring pain (e.g., pain, aching or soreness) and swelling. Pharmacological approaches, such as the uses of NSAIDS, opioids, antiepileptics, ketamine and lidocaine, have very limited effects on lymphatic pain. Limited research in this field has made it difficult for patients and clinicians to differentiate lymphatic pain from other types of pain. Precision assessment to distinguish different types of pain is essential for finding efficacious cure for pain. Innovative behavioral interventions to promote lymph flow and reduce inflammation are promising to reduce lymphatic pain. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of lymphatic pain through research evidence-based knowledge and insights into precision assessment and therapeutic behavioral intervention for lymphatic pain.