Evaluating the economic and environmental benefits of deploying a national-scale, thermo-chemical plastic waste upcycling infrastructure in the United States

Emerging chemical technologies can upcycle plastic waste by producing high-value polymers and other products. In this work, we study the economic and environmental benefits of deploying an upcycling infrastructure in the continental United States for producing low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP) from post-consumer plastic waste. Our analysis is based on a computational framework that integrates techno-economic analysis, life-cycle assessment, and value chain optimization. Our results demonstrate that the infrastructure could generate a market of nearly 20 billion USD per year and that this market is robust to various externalities. Our analysis also indicates that the infrastructure can achieve a plastic-to-plastic degree of circularity of 34% relative to residential plastic waste production, and leads to significant environmental benefits over alternative waste disposal methods, including 69%–75% lower greenhouse gas emissions than waste-to-energy systems and 38 million tonnes of avoided landfill waste per year.