使用生物反馈法的心理生理学技术:分析综述

E. V. Kostenko, A. V. Kotelnikova, I. V. Pogonchenkova, L. G. Petrova, Anna V. Khaustova, M. Filippov, E. V. Kaverina
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摘要

简介中风后运动和神经心理障碍的发病率很高。然而,人们通常认为它们之间没有相互关联,康复方法也是在对特定功能产生单领域影响的背景下考虑的。目的分析生物反馈心理生理技术在临床医学和医疗康复中作用的现有科学证据。材料。分析了 50 篇资料,其中 25 篇是 2009-2024 年间在 Elibrary.ru、Medline、Web of Science、PubMed 和 Scopus 等数据库中发表的高级循证文章(随机对照试验、荟萃分析、系统综述)。研究结果研究了生物反馈疗法对患者身体症状和心理状态的复杂影响,以及使用生理指标进行适应性生物反馈的可能性。关于生物反馈技术对患者心理情绪状态和心血管系统状态的积极影响,现有的证据最多。在头痛和相关情绪障碍的综合治疗中使用 BFB 肌电图训练取得了显著效果。所有研究的证据可靠性和建议可信度都很高。心理生理学创新技术的发展取得了长足进步,包括硬件和软件组合、脑电图和神经接口的使用。结论心理生理学技术与 BFB 在心身疾病、边缘病症和一些神经系统疾病(头痛、癫痫、脊柱损伤、中风)患者的康复中显示出了有效性。考虑到治疗或康复过程中的生理和心理因素,还需要进一步研究,以形成证据基础,阐明作用机制和处方算法。
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Psychophysiological technologies using the biofeedback method: an analytical review
INTRODUCTION. There is high prevalence of post-stroke motor and neuropsychological disorders. However, they are usually considered without interrelation with each other, and rehabilitation methods are also considered in the context of a monodomain effect on specific functions. AIM. To analyze the available scientific evidence on the role of psychophysiological technologies with biofeedback in clinical medicine and medical rehabilitation. MATERIALS. 50 sources were analyzed, 25 of which are high-level evidence-based articles (randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews) published in databases Elibrary.ru, Medline, Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus for the period of 2009–2024. RESULTS. The complex effect of the BFB method on the physical symptoms and psychological state of patients, as well as the possibility of using physiological indicators for adaptive biofeedback, has been studied. The greatest amount of evidence is available about the positive effect of technology using BFB on the psychoemotional state of patients and the state of the cardiovascular system. Significant results were obtained when using BFB-electromyographic-training in the complex therapy of headache and related emotional disorders. All studies have a high level of reliability of evidence and credibility of recommendations. Great progress has been made in the development of innovative psychophysiological technologies, including the use of hardware and software complexes, electroencephalography and neurointerfaces. CONCLUSION. Psychophysiological technologies with BFB demonstrate effectiveness in the rehabilitation of patients with psychosomatic disorders, borderline conditions and a number of neurological diseases (headache, epilepsy, spinal injury, stroke). Further research is needed to form an evidence base, clarify the mechanisms of action and algorithms of prescriptions, taking into account the physiological and psychological component of the therapeutic or rehabilitation process.
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