Ninitha Asirvatham-Jeyaraj, Miguel Anselmo, Daniel P Chantigian, Mia Larson, Emma J Lee, Manda L Keller-Ross
{"title":"内源性和外源性激素对年轻女性下肢运动和 III/IV 组激活的心血管反应的影响。","authors":"Ninitha Asirvatham-Jeyaraj, Miguel Anselmo, Daniel P Chantigian, Mia Larson, Emma J Lee, Manda L Keller-Ross","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00017.2024","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral contraceptive (OC) use can increase resting blood pressure (BP) in females as well as contribute to greater activation of group III/IV afferents during upper body exercise. It is unknown, however, whether an exaggerated BP response occurs during lower limb exercise in OC users. We sought to elucidate the group III/IV afferent activity-mediated BP and heart rate responses while performing lower extremity tasks during early and late follicular phases in young, healthy females. Females not taking OCs (NOC: <i>n</i> = 8; age: 25 ± 4 yr) and those taking OCs (OC: <i>n</i> = 10; age: 23 ± 2 yr) completed a continuous knee extension/flexion passive stretch (mechanoreflex) and cycling exercise with subsystolic cuff occlusion (exercise pressor reflex), which was followed by a 2-min postexercise circulatory occlusion (PECO) (metaboreflex). Data collection occurred on two occasions: once during the early follicular phase (<i>days 1-4</i>) and once during the late follicular phase (<i>days 10-14</i>) of their menstrual cycle (NOC) or during the placebo and active pill phases (OC). Resting mean arterial BP and heart rate were not different between phases in NOC and OC participants (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Hemodynamic responses to metaboreflex, mechanoreflex, and collective exercise pressor reflex activation were not different between phases in both groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05). In conclusion, although OCs are known to increase BP at rest, our findings indicate that neither endogenous nor exogenous (OC) sex hormones modulate BP during large, lower limb muscle exercise with or without group III/IV afferent activation in young, healthy females.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Sex differences in the cardiovascular response to exercise have been demonstrated and may be dependent on sex hormone levels. Furthermore, oral contraceptives (OCs) have been shown to exaggerate the blood pressure response to upper extremity exercise. The results of this study indicate that neither endogenous nor exogenous (OC) sex hormones modulate BP during lower extremity dynamic exercise or with group III/IV afferent activation in young, healthy females.</p>","PeriodicalId":7630,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","volume":" ","pages":"R379-R388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11483072/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Influence of endogenous and exogenous hormones on the cardiovascular response to lower extremity exercise and group III/IV activation in young females.\",\"authors\":\"Ninitha Asirvatham-Jeyaraj, Miguel Anselmo, Daniel P Chantigian, Mia Larson, Emma J Lee, Manda L Keller-Ross\",\"doi\":\"10.1152/ajpregu.00017.2024\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Oral contraceptive (OC) use can increase resting blood pressure (BP) in females as well as contribute to greater activation of group III/IV afferents during upper body exercise. It is unknown, however, whether an exaggerated BP response occurs during lower limb exercise in OC users. We sought to elucidate the group III/IV afferent activity-mediated BP and heart rate responses while performing lower extremity tasks during early and late follicular phases in young, healthy females. Females not taking OCs (NOC: <i>n</i> = 8; age: 25 ± 4 yr) and those taking OCs (OC: <i>n</i> = 10; age: 23 ± 2 yr) completed a continuous knee extension/flexion passive stretch (mechanoreflex) and cycling exercise with subsystolic cuff occlusion (exercise pressor reflex), which was followed by a 2-min postexercise circulatory occlusion (PECO) (metaboreflex). Data collection occurred on two occasions: once during the early follicular phase (<i>days 1-4</i>) and once during the late follicular phase (<i>days 10-14</i>) of their menstrual cycle (NOC) or during the placebo and active pill phases (OC). Resting mean arterial BP and heart rate were not different between phases in NOC and OC participants (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Hemodynamic responses to metaboreflex, mechanoreflex, and collective exercise pressor reflex activation were not different between phases in both groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05). In conclusion, although OCs are known to increase BP at rest, our findings indicate that neither endogenous nor exogenous (OC) sex hormones modulate BP during large, lower limb muscle exercise with or without group III/IV afferent activation in young, healthy females.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Sex differences in the cardiovascular response to exercise have been demonstrated and may be dependent on sex hormone levels. Furthermore, oral contraceptives (OCs) have been shown to exaggerate the blood pressure response to upper extremity exercise. The results of this study indicate that neither endogenous nor exogenous (OC) sex hormones modulate BP during lower extremity dynamic exercise or with group III/IV afferent activation in young, healthy females.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":7630,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"R379-R388\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11483072/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"American journal of physiology. 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Influence of endogenous and exogenous hormones on the cardiovascular response to lower extremity exercise and group III/IV activation in young females.
Oral contraceptive (OC) use can increase resting blood pressure (BP) in females as well as contribute to greater activation of group III/IV afferents during upper body exercise. It is unknown, however, whether an exaggerated BP response occurs during lower limb exercise in OC users. We sought to elucidate the group III/IV afferent activity-mediated BP and heart rate responses while performing lower extremity tasks during early and late follicular phases in young, healthy females. Females not taking OCs (NOC: n = 8; age: 25 ± 4 yr) and those taking OCs (OC: n = 10; age: 23 ± 2 yr) completed a continuous knee extension/flexion passive stretch (mechanoreflex) and cycling exercise with subsystolic cuff occlusion (exercise pressor reflex), which was followed by a 2-min postexercise circulatory occlusion (PECO) (metaboreflex). Data collection occurred on two occasions: once during the early follicular phase (days 1-4) and once during the late follicular phase (days 10-14) of their menstrual cycle (NOC) or during the placebo and active pill phases (OC). Resting mean arterial BP and heart rate were not different between phases in NOC and OC participants (P > 0.05). Hemodynamic responses to metaboreflex, mechanoreflex, and collective exercise pressor reflex activation were not different between phases in both groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, although OCs are known to increase BP at rest, our findings indicate that neither endogenous nor exogenous (OC) sex hormones modulate BP during large, lower limb muscle exercise with or without group III/IV afferent activation in young, healthy females.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sex differences in the cardiovascular response to exercise have been demonstrated and may be dependent on sex hormone levels. Furthermore, oral contraceptives (OCs) have been shown to exaggerate the blood pressure response to upper extremity exercise. The results of this study indicate that neither endogenous nor exogenous (OC) sex hormones modulate BP during lower extremity dynamic exercise or with group III/IV afferent activation in young, healthy females.
期刊介绍:
The American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology publishes original investigations that illuminate normal or abnormal regulation and integration of physiological mechanisms at all levels of biological organization, ranging from molecules to humans, including clinical investigations. Major areas of emphasis include regulation in genetically modified animals; model organisms; development and tissue plasticity; neurohumoral control of circulation and hypertension; local control of circulation; cardiac and renal integration; thirst and volume, electrolyte homeostasis; glucose homeostasis and energy balance; appetite and obesity; inflammation and cytokines; integrative physiology of pregnancy-parturition-lactation; and thermoregulation and adaptations to exercise and environmental stress.