A case of AZOOR under immunomodulatory treatment.

Purpose: To describe the clinical course and treatment response of a case of Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy (AZOOR).

Methods: This is an observational case report. The examinations included ophthalmic examination, longitudinal multimodal imaging, visual field testing, electrophysiological recordings, serologic analyses and whole genome sequencing.

Results: In this report, the authors present the case of an otherwise healthy 33-year-old female with bilateral AZOOR manifestation. Other possible causes of the observed retinal lesions were ruled out by extensive diagnostic work-up. Treatment with oral prednisolone therapy led to temporal disease control but progression was observed after prednisolone discontinuation. A tapered oral prednisolone therapy in combination with adalimumab initiation prevented further progression for at least 21 months.

Conclusion: Diagnosis of AZOOR is frequently complicated by the unspecific symptoms of the disease and significant number of differential diagnoses. Complete diagnostic work-up is important to rule out other etiologies. Due to the lack of randomized controlled trials, therapeutic decisions obligatorily rely on empiric treatment decisions in combination with frequent follow-up examinations.