Validation of rectal swabbing for total and aerobic gut microbiota study

In microbiota research, whole stool sampling is the conventional approach but can be problematic or infeasible for certain patients. This study aims to validate the use of rectal swabbing as an alternative method for microbiota analysis and determine optimal storage conditions suitable for various clinical settings, including intensive care units. We evaluated different sampling techniques, conservation media and storage temperatures. Our findings indicated that rectal swabs yield microbiota diversity comparable to whole stool samples. Notably, storage conditions significantly impacted microbiota profiles, with increased E. coli and Enterococcus sp. quantifications observed at room temperature. Consequently, we recommend immediate refrigeration of rectal swabs to reliably assess aerobic and total microbiota, particularly for patients requiring urgent care such as antibiotic treatment.