On the Schapery nonlinear viscoelastic model: A review

Among the various models presented so far to describe the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of materials, the model proposed by Schapery in the 1960s stands out for its wide acceptance and significant contributions to the field. Through a detailed inspection of the main articles presented by Schapery and other related studies, the present paper reviews the Schapery nonlinear viscoelastic model. One-dimensional and three-dimensional formulations of the model for both isotropic and anisotropic materials, along with model accuracy, are discussed. The present article highlights the challenges of material characterization methods, such as creep-recovery testing, stress relaxation testing, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The article also addresses the issues of characterizing the material's behavior under non-recoverable strain and varying temperatures. Finally, the future research needs in this field are outlined, emphasizing the potential for further advancements in our understanding of nonlinear viscoelasticity.