Engineering a durable BDDE cross-linked collagen filler for skin rejuvenation.

Skin aging, characterized by reduced regeneration, chronic inflammation, and heightened skin cancer risk, poses a significant challenge. Collagen fillers have emerged as a potential solution for skin rejuvenation by stimulating collagen regeneration. However, their clinical efficacy is limited by inherent instability and vulnerability toin vivodegradation by collagenase. Chemical cross-linking presents a promising approach to enhance stability, but it carries risks such as cytotoxicity, calcification, and discoloration. Here, we introduce a highly durable 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) cross-linked collagen filler for skin rejuvenation. BDDE effectively cross-links collagen, resulting in fillers with exceptional mechanical strength and injectability. These fillers demonstrate favorable stability and durability, promoting proliferation, adhesion, and spreading of human foreskin fibroblast-1 cellsin vitro. In vivostudies confirm enhanced collagen regeneration without inducing calcification. BDDE cross-linked collagen fillers offer promising prospects for medical cosmetology and tissue regeneration.