Decoding the Future: A Comprehensive Review of Machine Learning Innovations and Applications

Abstract: In the current scenario of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR or Industry 4.0), the digital world is a full of data, such as Internet of Things (IoT) data, business data, mobile data, cyber security data, social media data, etc. To intelligently analyze these data and develop the corresponding smart and automated applications, the knowledge of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly, machine learning (ML) is the key. Supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised and reinforcement learning are the different types of machine learning algorithms. In addition to the deep learning is part of a broader family of machine learning methods that can wisely analyze the data on a large scale. This study's primary contribution is its explanation of the fundamentals of numerous machine learning techniques and how they can be applied in a wide range of real-world application areas, including e-commerce, cyber security systems, smart cities, healthcare, and agriculture, among many others. The main use of machine learning is to show off its potential for generating consistently accurate estimations. This review paper's primary objective is to give an overview of machine learning and provide machine learning approaches