Gallium complexation for DO3A coated nanoparticles: a comprehensive study

This review provides a comprehensive review of the synthesis and utilization of DO3A-functionalized NPs (Particularly for MRI and PET/CT analysis). The main focus of the study is the formation of a complex of gallium with NPs coated with DO3A, as well as showing the possibility of improving contrast agents and creating new gallium-based nanomaterials for medical use. The synthesis process studies parameters like pH, temperature, and the effect of substitution of the ligand using various chemical analysis techniques to determine the physicochemical properties of these nano-scale particles. This implies that gallium-loaded NPs have the potential to enhance the fight against infectious diseases, as proved by the NPs' vital role in antimicrobial therapies for PET imaging. Research with animals has shown significant biodistribution to the organs and tissues of interest, which have helped enhance the imaging features of MRI and PET/CT scans. Likewise, the findings on biocompatibility and toxicity point to possible clinical application of these nanoparticles. As for future research directions, the synthesis of other new derivatives of Gd-DO3A complexes containing lipophilic monoamides and the examination of ionization's influence on encapsulation efficiency have been mentioned. This review stresses the promising use of DO3A-coated nanoparticles for nanomedicine as therapeutic agents or imaging probes.