高产 GABA 肠球菌 G-15 中的γ-氨基丁酸 (GABA) 生物合成基因簇的特征

M. Noda, Moeko Ozaki, Saori Ogura, Narandalai Danshiitsoodol, Etsuji Nakashima, Masanori Sugiyama
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摘要

我们之前已经证明,乳酸菌(LAB)肠球菌 G-15 能以超高转化率从 l-谷氨酸钠(Glu)产生γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)。我们还发现了一个基因簇,命名为 gad 簇,由四个将 Glu 转化为 GABA 的基因、一个 Glu-GABA 反转运体以及两个转录调控蛋白 GadR1 和 GadR2 组成。本研究旨在探究 GadG 酶的哪些特征可能导致 GABA 的高产量,以及这两个调控蛋白如何在 GABA 的高产量中发挥作用。动力学研究表明,与大肠杆菌谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)相比,GadG 的 Km 值(1.3-2.4 倍)和 kcat 值(1.3-1.6 倍)相对较高,这表明虽然三种 GAD 酶的动力学参数没有显著差异,但在底物充足的情况下,GadG 可能有助于 GABA 的高产。此外,G-15 菌株缺乏在一些 LAB 菌株中观察到的基于鸟氨酸脱羧酶途径的抗酸机制,这表明基于 GAD 的抗酸系统相对重要,并可能在 G-15 菌株中得到大力应用。对 GadR1 的分子生物学分析表明,该蛋白通过间接途径作为转录激活因子在 GABA 生成过程中发挥作用。
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Characterization of the Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Biosynthetic Gene Cluster in High GABA-Producing Enterococcus avium G-15
We have previously shown that the lactic acid bacterium (LAB) Enterococcus avium G-15 produces gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from monosodium l-glutamate (Glu) at a hyper conversion rate. We have also found a gene cluster, designated as a gad cluster, that consists of four genes for the conversion of Glu to GABA, a Glu–GABA antiporter, and two transcriptional regulatory proteins, GadR1 and GadR2. The present study has been designed to investigate what characteristics of the GadG enzyme may contribute to the high production of GABA and how these two regulators play a role in high GABA productivity. The kinetic study showed that compared with E. coli glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) enzymes, GadG has relatively high Km (1.3–2.4 times) and kcat (1.3–1.6 times) values, indicating that although there are no remarkable differences in kinetic parameters between the three GAD enzymes, GadG may contribute to the high production of GABA in the presence of enough substrates. Further, the G-15 strain lacks the ornithine decarboxylase pathway-based acid resistance mechanism observed in some LAB strains, suggesting that the GAD-based acid resistance system is relatively important and may be vigorously employed in the G-15 strain. The molecular biological analysis of GadR1 revealed that the protein plays a role in GABA production as a transcriptional activator through an indirect pathway.
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