妇女心理健康以及印度尼西亚心理健康政策与国际规范的协同作用

T. Pratiwi
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摘要

印度尼西亚正在经历一场心理健康紧急状况。长期以来,精神健康一直是包括印度尼西亚在内的各国批准的国际准则。全球数据和印度尼西亚的案例表明,女性患精神疾病的人数多于男性。造成女性精神疾病的原因包括荷尔蒙变化引起的生理因素、心理原因、社会关系以及环境破坏的影响。因此,女性的心理健康问题应该得到重视了。遗憾的是,本研究发现,印尼尚未制定有关妇女心理健康的具体法规,只有 2023 年第 17 号法律第 76 条中隐含的一般规定,即 "人人有权获得安全、优质和负担得起的心理健康服务",而且印尼有关精神障碍的精神病学研究仍然有限。其次,本研究发现,第 76 条的内容与实际情况并不相符,与目标还相去甚远。第三,女性民主人士、妇女活动家和学术界人士通过组建跨部门协调论坛,即社区心理健康指导小组(TPKJM),在省、县/市和县以下各级建立了合作关系:印度尼西亚妇女心理健康;国家政策;国际规范;天鹅绒三角概念;TPKJM。
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Kesehatan Mental Perempuan dan Sinergitas Kebijakan Kesehatan Mental di Indonesia Terhadap Norma Internasional
Indonesia is experiencing a mental health emergency. Mental health has long been an international norm thatratified by countries, including Indonesia. Global data and cases in Indonesia show that women suffer from more mental disorders than men. The causes of mental health disorders experienced by women come from biological factors due to hormonal changes, psychological reasons, social relationship, and the impact of environmental damage. So it is time for women's mental health to be given serious attention. Unfortunately, in this research found that Indonesia does not yet have specific regulations regarding mental health for women, only general rules that are implicitly stated in Law Number 17 of 2023 Article 76 that “everyone has the right to access mental health services that are safe, quality and affordable” also psychiatric research regarding mental disorders in Indonesia is still limited. Second, this research found that the contents of Article 76 do not match the reality on the ground which is still far from the goals. Third, the role of actors from femocrats, women's activists, and academics have built collaborative relationships through the formation of a cross-sector coordination forum, namely the Community Mental Health Steering Team (TPKJM) from the provincial, district/city and sub-districtlevels. Keywords: Women's Mental Health Indonesia; National Policy; International Norms; Velvet Triangles Concept,TPKJM.
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