Application of DPC to improve the integration of DFIG into wind energy conversion systems using FOPI controller

While the direct power control (DPC) approach has proven effective in improving the efficiency of wind energy conversion systems (WECS) using doubly fed induction generators (DFIG), its applicability is currently confined to a single usage and has not been extended to meet numerous applications. This work aimed to modify the implementation of DPC in WECS-DFIG for several objectives. This is accomplished by updating the reference power of the conventional DPC method into an adapted one to achieve two goals independently. The first objective is to track the maximum power during wind speed variations. This tracking is performed by updating the reference power to match the maximum available power at the current wind speed. The second purpose is to ensure that the WECS remains connected to the grid and continues to operate smoothly even in the event of faults; supporting fault-ride through (FRT) capability. That is achieved by reducing the reference power during these faults. The discrimination between these two objectives is based on the voltage level at the point of connecting WECS to the grid. The controller provided is an improved fractional order PI controller developed using arithmetic optimization technique (AOA). A comparison between the AOA and cuckoo search is presented. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the suggested configuration and regulator in enhancing the performance of integrating DFIG into the WECS in the presence of wind fluctuations and short circuit faults occurring. It is worth noting that AOA is better than cuckoo search in fine-tuning the settings of the FOPI controller.