地下水脆弱性评估--案例研究:阿尔巴尼亚地拉那-伊什米含水层

Elsa Dindi, Ardian Shehu, Ana Dindi
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摘要

本文讨论了阿尔巴尼亚地拉那-伊什米冲积含水层的地下水易受污染性评估。经济活动、排入河流的城市污水以及地下水的过度开采都有可能对地下水造成污染。根据含水层的特点和现有数据,SINTACS 被选为最现实的评估模型。根据含水层特征(地下水位深度、渗透、非饱和带、土壤介质、含水层介质、水力传导性、地形)分配的 SINTACS 参数比率与当地特征相适应,然后绘制 GIS 脆弱性图。统计分析表明,非饱和带、水力传导性和含水层介质对地下水脆弱性的影响最大,而地形的影响最小。通过敏感性分析和硝酸盐含量验证,确认了 SINTACS 模型的合理选择和研究结果的可靠性。最容易受到污染的地区是补给区,其次是高度城市化的地拉那市地区,该地区的特点是地下水开采率高,废水排入河流。本文是首次完成的研究区域地下水脆弱性评估,可作为科学管理地下水的基础,在地方领土规划中应加以考虑。
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Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment—Case Study: Tirana–Ishmi Aquifer, Albania
This paper discusses the groundwater vulnerability to pollution assessment for the Tirana–Ishmi alluvium aquifer, Albania. Economic activities, municipal wastewater discharged into rivers and groundwater overexploitation threaten to pollute the groundwater. Based on the aquifer characteristics and the available data, SINTACS was selected as the most realistic assessment model. The SINTACS parameters’ rates assigned to the aquifer’s characteristics (water table depth, infiltration, unsaturated zone, soil media, aquifer media, hydraulic conductivity, topography) were adapted to the local features, followed by GIS vulnerability mapping. Statistical analysis indicates that the unsaturated zone, hydraulic conductivity and aquifer media have the highest influence on groundwater vulnerability, whereas topography has the lowest influence. Validation through sensitivity analysis and nitrates content confirms the rational selection of the SINTACS model and the reliability of the study’s outputs. The most vulnerable areas to pollution are the recharge zones, followed by the highly urbanized Tirana City area, characterized by high levels of groundwater extraction rate and wastewater discharged into the rivers. The paper, being the first completed groundwater vulnerability assessment of the study area, could serve as a basis for a scientific–based groundwater management that should be considered in local territory planning.
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