开发中国教练自主-支持-自由-自由教练风格量表

Wen Su, Liqin Wang, Yingmin Ding, Daliang Zhao
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摘要

自主-支持型教练风格因其对运动员的身心健康和成绩的积极影响而得到认可。然而,在教练评价量表中,还没有对过度自主转变为放任自流的教练风格进行深入研究。现有的量表主要侧重于自主支持的积极方面,不具备测量可能被视为消极或其他结果的能力。本研究旨在将自主支持型教练风格和自由放任型教练风格整合到同一测量框架中。我们的研究开发了一个综合量表,可同时评估自主支持型教练风格和自由放任型教练风格,其中自主支持型教练风格借鉴了运动氛围调查问卷中的项目,自由放任型教练风格借鉴了领导力研究中的项目。我们进行了两项研究:第一项是对 148 名运动员进行研究,以完善放任型项目;第二项是对 460 名运动员进行研究,利用探索性因子分析、确认性因子分析和相关性分析来验证完整量表。最终确定的量表包括一个 6 个项目的自主支持子量表和一个 5 个项目的自由放任子量表。中国教练自主-支持-自由放任教练风格量表有效地捕捉了教练风格的有利方面和潜在的不利方面,填补了文献中的一个重要空白,并为评估教练方法提供了一个可靠的工具。
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Development of the Chinese coaches’ autonomy-supportive—laissez-faire coaching style scale
The autonomy-supportive coaching style is recognized for its positive impact on athletes’ well-being and performance. However, the transition of excessive autonomy into a laissez-faire coaching style has not been thoroughly examined within the context of coach evaluation scales. Existing scales focus predominantly on the positive dimensions of autonomy support, and do not possess the capabilities to measure outcomes which may be viewed as negative or other outcomes. This study aims to integrate the autonomy-supportive and laissez-faire coaching styles within the same measurement framework.Our study developed a comprehensive scale to assess both the autonomy-supportive and laissez-faire coaching styles, drawing on items from the Sport Climate Questionnaire for autonomy support and adapting items from leadership research for laissez-faire coaching. We conducted two studies: the first with 148 athletes to refine the laissez-faire items and the second with 460 athletes to validate the full scale, utilizing exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation analysis. We also measured internal consistency and split-half reliability.The finalized scale includes a 6-item autonomy-supportive subscale and a 5-item laissez-faire subscale. Validation processes confirmed the scale’s construct and criterion validity, alongside its reliability.The Chinese Coaches’ Autonomy-Supportive—Laissez-Faire Coaching Style Scale effectively captures both the beneficial and potentially detrimental aspects of coaching styles, addressing a critical gap in the literature and providing a reliable tool for evaluating coaching approaches.
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