异位缝:形成与临床意义--综述

M. Podstawka, Andrzej Czajka, K. Zaczkowski, K. Wiśniewski, D. J. Jaskólski
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目前尚不清楚缝合闭合的时间和偏位缝合的临床影响。过早融合导致颅骨畸形的情况很少发生,但可能导致严重的并发症,如颅面畸形和神经发育问题。偏头畸形的临床意义尚不确定。本研究的目的是回顾文献,找出与偏侧缝的形成和临床意义相关的不确定因素。综述结果显示,文献中报道的变位缝闭合的典型年龄存在很大差异(从五个月到七年不等)。骨缝过早融合通常发生在出生前,可能会导致颅骨畸形和发育障碍。病因可能是多因素的。颅骨发育不全可能导致不同的表型,从轻微变化到三头畸形不等。诊断依据是体格检查和计算机断层扫描。治疗方法是手术,目的有两个:矫正颅面畸形和预防进一步的并发症。根据计算机断层扫描可诊断出偏侧缝持续存在,这被认为是一种解剖变异。如果发生过早融合,则偏侧缝具有重要的临床意义,会导致颅面和神经发育障碍。缝合的时间以及颅骨发育不全和偏头畸形的病因需要进一步研究。
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Metopic suture: formation and clinical implications – a review
The timing of suture closure and clinical implications of the metopic suture are still unknown. Premature fusion, causing craniosynostosis, happens rarely, but it may result in serious complications, such as craniofacial dysmorphology and neurodevelopmental problems. The clinical significance of metopism is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to review the literature and identify uncertain aspects associated with the formation and clinical implications of the metopic suture. The review showed significant variations in the typical age of metopic suture closure reported in the literature (from five months to seven years). Premature fusion of the suture, usually occurring before birth, may cause skull deformity and developmental disorders. Aetiology is probably multifactorial. Craniosynostosis may result in different phenotypes, ranging from mild changes to trigonocephaly. Diagnosis is achieved based on physical examination and computed tomography scans. Treatment is surgical and aims to achieve two goals: correction of craniofacial dysmorphology and prevention of further complications. Persistence of the metopic suture is diagnosed based on computed tomography scans and is considered to be an anatomical variant. The metopic suture is clinically significant if premature fusion occurs, causing craniofacial and neurodevelopmental disorders. The timing of the closure of the suture, and the aetiology of craniosynostosis and metopism require further research.
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