乳腺癌的唾液生物标记物:从唾液经济学到唾液生态学

L. Bel’skaya, E. I. Dyachenko
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摘要

唾液是一种很有希望用于诊断和监测疾病(包括乳腺癌)的生物液体。为了研究唾液的成分,我们使用了一系列 "全息 "技术:基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学和微生物组学。在这篇综述中,我们对所有已知的 "全息 "技术在乳腺癌唾液分析中的应用进行了系统梳理,以了解不同研究领域的结合能提供多么完整的信息,并找出缺失的环节。研究表明,对乳腺癌唾液的研究是混乱和不系统的。研究发现,乳腺癌的样本大小不一致,异质性很高。为使唾液组学在新的方向--"唾液组学"--上得到全面和谐的发展,需要解决的主要任务已经制定。因此,有必要对 "omics "各领域内的生物标志物研究进行系统化和统一化,包括样本量及其同质性、方法和途径清单、生物标志物清单、结果的可重复性以及将结果转移到其他样本的能力。通过增加新方法(如光谱组学等)以及研究不同 "组学 "技术之间的关系(交互组学)来扩大 "组学 "的组成部分数量非常重要。所有这一切都将使唾液研究不仅在乳腺癌方面,而且在许多其他病理方面达到一个新的质量水平。
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Salivary Biomarkers in Breast Cancer: From Salivaomics to Salivaoncoomics
Saliva is a promising biological fluid for the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases, including breast cancer. To study the composition of saliva, a complex of “omics” technologies is used: genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and microbiomics. In this review, we systematized all known “omics” in their application to saliva analysis in breast cancer in order to understand how complete the picture is provided by the combination of different areas of research and to identify missing links. It has been shown that studies of saliva in breast cancer are chaotic and unsystematic. Inconsistency of sample sizes and high heterogeneity of breast cancer were identified. The main tasks that need to be solved for the complete and harmonious development of salivaomics in a new direction—“salivaonkoomics” are formulated. Thus, it is necessary to systematize and unify the study of biomarkers within each area of “omics”, including sample size and its homogeneity, a list of methods and approaches, a list of biomarkers, reproducibility of results, and the ability to transfer results to other samples. It is important to expand the number of components of “omics” by adding new methods (for example, spectralomics, etc.), as well as studying the relationships between different “omics” technologies (interactomics). All this together will allow the study of saliva not only in breast cancer but also in many other pathologies to a qualitatively new level.
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