采用多种工具方法评估含有矿山尾矿的半干旱流域的多种痕量金属通量(摩洛哥上穆卢亚流域 Zaida 矿山)

Yassine Mimouni, Abdelhafid Chafi, A. Bouabdli, B. Baghdad, Jean-François Deliege
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摘要

很少有研究对矿山尾矿中的痕量金属通过水侵蚀流向河流的复杂通量进行量化,特别是在摩洛哥北部的半干旱地区(Zaida 矿区),那里的土壤侵蚀是一个严重问题。本研究采用了以下方法:(i) 利用 RUSLE 模型结合土壤中的痕量金属浓度,了解和估算矿山尾矿中的痕量金属向河流的复杂通量;(ii) 污染指数和统计分析,评估沉积物中的镉、铜、铅和锌污染情况。我们的研究表明,该流域的水土流失率较低,平均为 9.1 吨/公顷/年。此外,由于盛行风将颗粒吹散到整个盆地,矿山尾矿北部的土壤污染尤其严重。对沉积物的评估表明,铅是主要污染物,特别是在尾矿下游,其浓度超过 200 毫克/千克。由于该地区特殊的水文迁移模式,这项研究还在距离尾矿 14 公里远的穆鲁亚河边发现了高浓度的微量元素。这项研究有助于更好地了解矿区痕量金属的迁移和归宿。它提出了一种可复制的方法,可用于其他地区评估污染流,从而协助水资源管理。
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Assessment of Multiple Trace Metal Fluxes in a Semi-Arid Watershed Containing Mine Tailing, Using a Multiple Tool Approach (Zaida Mine, Upper Moulouya Watershed, Morocco)
Few studies have quantified the complex flux of trace metals from mine tailings to rivers through water erosion, especially in the semi-arid region of North Morocco (Zaida mine) where soil erosion is a severe issue. This study applies (i) methods to understand and estimate the complex flux of trace metals from mine tailings to rivers, using the RUSLE model combined with the concentration of trace metals in the soil and additionally (ii) pollution indices and statistical analyses to assess the sediment contamination by Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Our study revealed that the basin has a low erosion rate, with an average of 9.1 t/ha/yr. Moreover, the soil contamination is particularly high at the north of the mine tailings, as prevailing winds disperse particles across the basin. The assessment of the sediments indicated that Pb is the main contaminant, with concentrations exceeding 200 mg/kg specifically downstream of the tailings. This study also identified high a concentration of trace elements 14 km away from the tailings alongside the Moulouya river, due to the specific hydrological transport patterns in the area. This research contributes to a better understanding of the transport and fate of the trace metals in mining areas. It proposes a replicable method that can be applied in other regions to assess the contamination flows and thereby assist water resource management.
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