确保地区发展和中国全球竞争力的交通基础设施

G. Khmeleva, N. Skreblov
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摘要

目的:以中国为例,评估交通基础设施作为地区经济发展和加强对外竞争地位的因素所发挥的现代作用。方法:对中国 28 个地区 2021 年的经济和交通指标进行了相关-回归分析,该方法传统上用于解决确定影响因素的任务。结果:根据主要指标的动态分析,对铁路和港口基础设施的发展进行了评估。通过建立相关和回归分析模型,可以了解中国交通基础设施对各省地区生产总值的影响。通过对交通基础设施的投资,评估了中国对世界其他经济体的影响渗透程度。此外,还确定了促进基础设施项目的工具,这些工具具有中国特色,可确保中国在全球范围内的竞争力:中国是广泛建设港口、铁路和高速公路的突出例子,此外,中国还建造了直达货运车辆和干货船来分销其产品。运输基础设施和该行业的就业人数对中国各省地区生产总值增长的重要性已经显现。在对外方面,中国正积极采用向其他国家贷款的战略,以在其领土上建设基础设施。通过修建公路、机场、海港、发电厂和输电线路,中国可以在发展中国家建立基础设施飞地,销售商品并出口原材料进行后续加工。借鉴中华人民共和国在为实施基础设施项目提供赠款和贷款机制方面的经验,将使俄罗斯能够建立一个广泛的系统,将本国货物运往邻国境内最需要的市场。
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Transport infrastructure in ensuring regional development and China's global competitiveness
Purpose: is to evaluate the modern role of transport infrastructure as the factor in the development of the regional economy and strengthening competitive positions outside the country using the example of China.Methods: the correlation-regression analysis, traditionally used to solve the task of the identifying influencing factors, was applied to the economic and transportation indicators across 28 Chinese regions for the year 2021. It was supplemented by the analysis of statistical data and the thematic case study of data on Chinese investments into the transport infrastructure projects both domestically, and abroad.Results: the assessment of infrastructure development of the railway and port infrastructure was carried out based on the analysis of the dynamics of the main indicators. The construction of a correlation and regression analysis model made it possible to form an idea of the impact of China's transport infrastructure on the gross regional product of the provinces. The degree of penetration of Chinese influence into other economies of the world through investments in transport infrastructure has been assessed. The tools for promoting infrastructure projects have been identified that characterize Chinese specifics and make it possible to ensure the country's competitiveness at the global level.Conclusions and Relevance: China is the striking example of the widespread construction of ports, railways, and highways, in addition to the creation of direct freight vehicles and dry cargo ships for the distribution of their products. The high importance of transport infrastructure and the number of employed people in this industry for the growth of the regional product of the provinces of China has been revealed. In the external circuit, the PRC is actively using the strategy of lending to other countries for the construction of infrastructure on their territories. The construction of roads, airports, seaports, power plants and transmission lines allow China to create infrastructure enclaves in developing countries to market its goods and export raw materials for subsequent processing. Borrowing the experience of the PRC in terms of mechanisms for granting grants and loans for the implementation of infrastructure projects will allow Russia to create an extensive system of movement of national goods to markets where they are most in demand in the territories of neighboring states.
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