Pink1 gene: a key player in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complicated metabolic condition with insulin resistance and poor glucose metabolism. Emerging evidence indicates the significance of (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (Pink1) in the progression of diseases. Pink1 encodes a protein kinase, which regulates and maintains mitochondrial activity, this mostly affects mitophagy and energy generation. Mutations in the Pink1 gene have been associated to oxidative stress, mitochondrial malfunction, and impaired cellular energy output. The presence of insulin resistance and T2DM may be caused by each of these characteristics. To understand Pink1 potential function in the development of diabetes, this review paper investigates the molecular mechanisms through which it influences glucose metabolism and insulin signaling. Based on preclinical investigations, there is potential for developing innovative therapeutic strategies that specifically target Pink1. These strategies could aim to regulate insulin resistance, improve glucose metabolism, and preserve beta-cell function among individuals diagnosed with diabetes. The following areas of research include figuring out how precisely Pink1 functions in diabetes, translating preclinical findings into clinical settings, exploring precision medicine approaches that specifically target Pink1, and identifying possible therapeutic targets within the Pink1 pathway. This review aims to enhance our understanding of Pink1 impact on T2DM and develop personalized treatments for metabolic disorders. Furthermore, it underscores the significance of persisting with this type of investigation to enhance diabetes treatment strategies.