利用绝缘探针系统通过电流测量进行电离层等离子体诊断的数学模拟

D. Lazuchenkov, N. Lazuchenkov
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摘要

这项工作的目标是从理论上证实通过单独测量电子饱和区绝缘探头系统的电流来确定电离层等离子体中带电粒子密度的可能性。电离层等离子体的组成是由质量和电子明显不同的两种离子来模拟的,以保持等离子体的准中性。探测系统与航天器结构电气绝缘,由圆柱形电极组成:一个探测电极和一个参比电极。参比电极与探针的集流面积比可以大大小于单圆柱探针理论的要求。电极横向于无碰撞等离子体的超音速流。除了包含两种离子的主等离子体外,还考虑了包含单一离子的模型等离子体。模型离子的质量使得两种等离子体模型的圆柱体离子饱和电流相同。根据之前获得的单离子等离子体中电子饱和电流的渐近解,找到了通过探针电流测量确定离子质量组成和电子密度的计算公式。计算公式的误差作为探针系统几何形状、探针相对于参比电极的偏置电位以及电位和电流测量精度的函数进行了数值估算和分析。结果表明,适当选择探针系统的设置和探针测量的准确性,可确保可靠地测定含有两种离子的等离子体中的带电粒子密度。对于电流偏置电位测量误差对确定电离层等离子体的离子质量组成和电子密度的可靠性的影响,提出了先验估计。
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Mathematical simulation of ionospheric plasma diagnostics by electric current measurements using an insulated probe system
The goal of this work is to theoretically substantiate the possibility of determining the charged particle density in the ionospheric plasma by separately measuring the electric currents of an insulated probe system in the electron saturation region. The ionospheric plasma composition is modeled by two ion species with significantly different masses and electrons to keep the plasma quasi-neutrality. The probe system, which is electrically insulated from the spacecraft structure, consists of cylindrical electrodes: a probe and a reference electrode. The reference electrode to probe current-collecting area ratio can be significantly less than required by the single cylindrical probe theory. The electrodes are oriented transversely to a supersonic flow of a collisionless plasma. In addition to the main plasma with two ion species, a model plasma with a single ion species is considered. The mass of the model ions is such that the ion saturation current to the cylinder is the same for both plasma models. Based on a previously obtained asymptotic solution for the electron saturation current in a plasma with a single ion species, computational formulas are found for determining the ion mass composition and the electron density by probe current measurements. The errors of the formulas are estimated numerically and analytically as a function of the probe system geometry, the bias potential of the probe relative to the reference electrode, and the accuracy of potential and current measurements. It is shown that a proper choice of the probe system settings and the accuracy of probe measurements assures a reliable determination of the charged particle densities in a plasma with two ion species. A priori estimates are presented for the effect of the current bias potential measurement errors on the reliability of determining the ion mass composition and the electron density of the ionospheric plasma.
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