通过叶片和横向长度的联合变化稳定达里厄斯转子的速度

S.V. Tarasov, O.N. Molotkov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

随着传统燃料价格的不断上涨和需求的日益减少,风能等可再生能源越来越受到人们的青睐。首先,这种 "绿色 "能源对环境友好。风力发电厂(WPPs)的使用在全世界范围内都有大幅增长。现代风力发电站分为垂直轴和水平轴两种类型。垂直轴风力发电站与水平轴风力发电站相比,在设计上有许多特殊的优势,例如对风向不敏感,从而大大简化了设计并提高了可靠性。垂直轴风力发电设备的运行需要稳定其运行状态,其主要目的是利用适当的稳定系统(SS)在风速变化的条件下稳定发电量。在稳定系统开发过程中,使用了各种控制算法,这些算法为利用稳定系统结构的物理原理奠定了基础。最近,基于叶片扫掠面积变化的稳定系统得到了广泛应用。与基于发电机负载变化等原理的系统不同,这种系统实际上是利用风力发电机对风速变化的适应性,而无需通过阻力机械消散多余的能量,在一定程度上也无需将能量传递给支架。最后一点大大降低了转子到发电机传输系统的负荷,并减轻了安装在浮动平台上的 WPP 对锚系统的要求。在设计方面,通过改变扫掠面积实现垂直轴风力发电机的稳定有三种方法:改变叶片长度、改变叶片与转子轴连接的横梁长度,以及同时改变叶片和横梁的长度,即改变风力发电机转子的配置。通过转子配置变化来控制垂直轴 WPP 的稳定,是一项重要而有前景的任务。本文的目标是开发高效算法,用于稳定可变配置 WPP 转子速度,确保叶片和横向长度变化通道同时运行时的稳定性和可操作性。该问题采用经典自动控制理论和数学模拟方法加以解决。新颖之处在于将通过扫掠面积变化进行控制的概念扩展到达里厄斯垂直轴风力发电机,合成了通过转子配置变化控制达里厄斯垂直轴风力发电机转子速度的有效算法,并确定了其稳定性和可操作性的条件。所开发的算法和方法可用于验证达里厄斯垂直轴风力发电设备的设计方案。
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Darrieus rotor speed stabilization by joint variation of the blade and the traverse length
With the ever-increasing prices of and demand for traditional fuels and the decreasing availability thereof, renewable energy sources, such as wind energy, are gaining enormous popularity. First of all, this branch of "green" energy is environmentally friendly. A significant increase in the use of wind power plants (WPPs) is observed all over the world. Modern WPPs are of two types: vertical- and horizontal-axis ones. Vertical-axis WPPs, in contrast to horizontal-axis ones, have a number of specific design advantages, such as, for example, insensitivity to the wind direction, which significantly simplify their design and increase their reliability. The operation of vertical-axis WPPs involves the need to stabilize their operating regimes, the main objective of which is to stabilize electricity production in conditions of a variable wind speed using appropriate stabilization systems (SSs). In SS development, use is made of various control algorithms, which make a basis for harnessing physical principles of SS construction. Recently, SSs based on blade swept area variation have become widespread. Such systems, unlike systems based on, for example, generator load variation, actually use the adaptation of WPPs to a variable wind speed, and they dispense with the need for mechanical dissipation of excess energy by resistance forces and, to some extent, with the need to transfer it to the support. The last point significantly reduces the load on the rotor-to-generator transmission systems and alleviates the requirements for anchor systems in the case of WPPs installed on floating platforms. In terms of design, the stabilization of vertical-axis WPPs by swept area variation can be performed in three ways: by varying the blade length, varying the length of the traverses whereby the blades are attached to the rotor shaft, and by simultaneously varying the length of the blades and the traverses, i.e., by varying WPP rotor configuration. The elaboration of approaches to the development of algorithms for the stabilization of vertical-axis WPPs controlled by rotor configuration variation is an important and promising task. The goal of this paper is to develop efficient algorithms for stabilizing the variable-configuration WPP rotor speed providing the stability and operability of the channels of blade and traverse length variation in their simultaneous operation. The problem is solved using methods of the classical theory of automatic control and mathematical simulation. The novelty lies in extending the concept of control by swept area variation to Darrieus vertical-axis WPPs, synthesizing efficient algorithms for stabilizing the rotor speed of Darrieus vertical-axis WPPs controlled by rotor configuration variation, and determining conditions for their stability and operability. The algorithms and approach developed may be used in substantiating design solutions for Darrieus vertical-axis WPPs.
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